2023 Global Landscape: Burberry's Luxury Fashion Challenges Assesment Answer

Part 1: Literature review

Introduction

In 2023, the global landscape is undergoing rapid change, which presents organisations worldwide with both challenges and opportunities. Particularly, technology, customer preferences, geopolitical ties, and concerns about sustainability are undergoing rapid change in international businesses (Robinson & Hsieh, 2016). Luxury fashion firms are arranging an inexorably troublesome and competitive market against this backdrop (Cabigiosu, 2020). Burberry, a well-known luxury fashion brand based in the UK, is the focus of this literature review, which aims to critically examine the changing character of the global environment in 2023 and its consequences for multinational businesses.

These research objectives are twofold. To start with, it attempts to inspect what the steadily changing worldwide scene means for the overall business methodologies of extravagance style firms like Burberry (Robinson & Hsieh, 2016). This entails figuring out how factors like digital transformation, trends in sustainability, geopolitical uncertainty, and shifting consumer habits affect Burberry's operations and market positioning (Petricevic and Teece, 2019). Second, the assessment aims to identify Burberry's potential challenges and opportunities in global business, as well as provide strategic recommendations for effectively navigating and utilising these developments.

Factors Affecting the PESTLE Analysis

Political Factors

The geopolitical scene in 2023 is characterised by uncertainties and conflicts, which have a substantial influence on multinational enterprises, particularly luxury fashion firms such as Burberry (Lazarova et al., 2023). Geopolitical events such as trade disputes, regional conflicts, and shifts in political alignments may present both difficulties and opportunities for global corporations. According to the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report, geopolitical tensions and trade disputes remain among the top global risks confronting businesses (World Economic Forum, 2023). Furthermore, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts that trade conflicts between major nations would limit global economic growth by 0.8% in 2023, impacting international commerce and company activities (Cao et al., 2023) (Figure 1).

Figure 1: IMF Forecast

Source: (Cao et al., 2023)

Burberry's worldwide company faces a number of hurdles and hazards as a result of geopolitical tensions and trade conflicts (John and Wild, 2019). To begin with, tariffs and trade restrictions can disrupt supply chains, resulting in greater manufacturing costs and product delivery delays (OECD, 2021). Second, changes in import and export restrictions may limit Burberry's access to particular markets and add to the bureaucracy (Feng, 2022). Furthermore, diplomatic tensions and sanctions might endanger the brand's reputation, especially if it is seen to be affiliated with a specific nation or political viewpoint.

Burberry may lessen its reliance on a single region by spreading its supplier base and manufacturing locations (Olteanu, 2020). The brand can reduce the effect of geopolitical interruptions on its supply chain by spreading risks across several nations and regions. Burberry can detect possible hazards and opportunities by conducting detailed market and customer studies in target markets. Understanding local preferences, regulatory frameworks, and cultural sensitivities may help a business customize its marketing efforts (Song et al., 2017). By conducting comprehensive market and customer studies in its target markets, Burberry is able to identify both potential threats and opportunities (Morrison et al. 2020). Figuring out local preferences, regulatory systems, and social responsive qualities might assist a business with redoing its marketing endeavours.

Tariffs and trade relations are huge factors affecting Burberry's global operations. Trade disputes between major economies may result in the imposition of tariffs on luxury goods like Burberry's (L. Dey et al., 2022). As a result, raw materials, components, and finished goods may become more expensive, driving up consumer prices and reducing the company's profit margins. During the US-China exchange battle, for instance, duties on Chinese merchandise affected extravagance design organizations that obtained materials or had creation offices in China (Bryan, 2018). Companies like Burberry were forced to re-evaluate their supply chain strategy and consider diversifying their sourcing areas in order to lessen the impact of tariffs.

The graph is showing the trend and evaluation of Burberry in the year 2008-17.

Figure 2: Trend and Evaluation of Burberry (2008-17)

Source: (Based on Kamal, 2017)

Burberry, as a UK-based company, experienced vulnerability and issues because of the UK's withdrawal from the European Association (Brexit) (Lawson, 2023). Burberry's operations in Europe, where it has a substantial presence, were impacted by the process of negotiating new trade agreements, customs laws, and border restrictions between the UK and the EU (Robinson & Hsieh, 2016). During the Brexit discussions, there were worries about potential delays to the flow of products between the UK and EU nations, which might harm the efficiency and distribution of Burberry's supply chain. Changes in trade agreements and regulatory frameworks may also have financial consequences, affecting the company's financial performance and strategic planning.

Economic Factors

Economic Uncertainties and Consumer Confidence

Burberry, being an international brand with operations in several countries, is vulnerable to currency risk owing to variations in exchange rates (Ghosh, 2021). When the value of the home currency (in Burberry's instance, the British Pound Sterling) falls against other currencies, the company's income from foreign sales might fall when translated back to the home currency, affecting profitability (Gholipour et al., 2021).For example, if the British pound falls in value relative to the US dollar, Burberry's revenues made in USD will be worth less when translated back to GBP (Sitkin, 2021). Currency risk may make it difficult to manage expenses and pricing strategies in multiple countries.

Economic growth and consumer confidence are critical economic elements influencing Burberry's performance in the luxury apparel market (Deloitte, 2022). Consumers' disposable incomes rise as GDP rises, which can lead to greater expenditure on luxury goods and fashion items. In contrast, during economic downturns, customers tend to be more cautious with their spending, resulting in lower demand for luxury things. For example, during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, the luxury fashion business slowed as customers tightened their belts and concentrated on necessary expenditure (Indvik, 2022). During that time, Burberry, like many other luxury firms, saw a drop in sales and profits.

Social Factor

Socio-cultural Factors like Changing Consumer Preferences and Social Media influences

In the luxury apparel sector, consumer tastes are evolving towards sustainability and ethical practices. Consumers nowadays are more concerned about the social and environmental consequences of their purchases (Pookulangara & Koesler, 2011). According to a Pope (2021), almost 80% of millennial and Gen Z customers are prepared to pay more for sustainable items. This is a worldwide trend that is not restricted to a single location. Burberry understands the benefits of sustainability and has taken initiatives to integrate its offers with changing customer attitudes (Sitkin, 2020). The firm has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2022 and has introduced sustainable supply chain practices such as waste reduction and the use of environmentally friendly products (Petro, 2021) (Figure 3). This decision appeals to socially concerned customers and strengthens the brand's reputation as a conscientious premium fashion company. Burberry has proved its understanding of cultural variations through localised marketing activities (Taran and Ahmed, 2019). During Chinese New Year, for example, the company frequently creates limited-edition collections with patterns influenced by Chinese traditions and symbols (Barbieri, 2022). This strategy has been well received by Chinese customers, contributing to the brand's success in the Asian market.

Figure 3: Focus of Burberry into reduction of footprint emissions

Source: (Burberry PLC, 2023)

Technological Factor

Digital Transformation and E-Commerce in the Luxury Fashion Industry

The digital transformation has impacted overall business in various ventures, including the luxury fashion industry. Technology will have a particularly significant impact in 2023, influencing consumer behaviour, supply chain management, marketing strategies, and overall business operations (Girod, 2022). Advanced change has altered the manner in which firms collaborate with their clients in the extravagance design area (Collinson et al. 2020). With the ascent of social media, internet shopping, and mobile applications, luxury fashion brands, for example, Burberry are executing advanced strategies to further develop client encounters and develop their overall presence (Creevey et al., 2021).

Burberry's success depends on the challenges and opportunities presented by the growing importance of e-commerce. On the one hand, the growth of online shopping presents a huge opportunity to reach a larger number of customers, broaden the market beyond traditional brick-and-mortar locations, and provide individualised experiences based on data analytics (Charm et al., 2020). In addition, it makes it possible to interact directly with customers, who increases customer connections and brand loyalty. The difficulties and potential open doors given by e-commerce's growing significance are basic to Burberry's prosperity (McKinsey, 2021). On the one hand, the growth of online shopping presents a huge opportunity to reach a larger number of customers, broaden the market beyond traditional brick-and-mortar locations, and provide individualised experiences based on data analytics (Pasquali, 2023). In addition, it makes it possible to interact directly with customers, who increases customer connections and brand loyalty.

Online luxury sales expanded decisively in 2022, representing over 20% of in general extravagance deals, and this pattern is probably going to go on in 2023 (McKinsey, 2023). The luxury e-commerce industry has been expanding at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 20% in recent years, exceeding the entire expansion of the premium market, according to a McKinsey analysis (Pasquali, 2023). As a significant extravagance style brand, Burberry has been forcefully embracing digital stages and innovation to reinforce its overall presence (Petricevic and Teece, 2019). The company's e-commerce website, which features user-friendly interfaces, high-resolution images, and comprehensive product descriptions, may ensure that customers have an excellent online shopping experience. Burberry has additionally utilised social media platforms to speak with its clients, creating interesting material, in the background looks, and live-streaming style occasions to create energy and expectation for its items (Laszlo, Cooperrider and Fry, 2020). To enhance customer experiences, Burberry has also experimented with cutting-edge technology like augmented reality (AR). For instance, the organisation presented an expanded reality shopping choice that permits clients to take on things, assisting them with improving instructed internet based buys carefully.

Environmental Factor

Embracing Sustainability and Ethical Consumerism

As customers throughout the world expect more responsible and ecologically friendly practices from the businesses they support, sustainability and ethical concerns have become increasingly relevant in the luxury fashion sector (López et al., 2023). The luxury fashion business is seeing a significant transition towards sustainability in 2023, with customers becoming more aware of the social and environmental effect of their fashion choices.

According to a Deloitte poll, around 63% of luxury shoppers showed a desire for sustainable and ethically manufactured items in 2022, a figure that is expected to rise further in 2023. Furthermore, according to a Nielsen survey, 73% of worldwide customers are prepared to pay extra for sustainable products, indicating a high consumer preference for businesses that prioritise sustainability (PWC, 2023).

In the case of Burberry, the company's present sustainability practices are critical to retaining its market position. Burberry has taken substantial measures to address sustainability issues, including a pledge to become carbon neutral by 2022 (Slavin, 2022). To lower its environmental footprint, the corporation has invested in renewable energy sources and sustainable supply chain strategies (Hill et al. 2018). Burberry has also vowed to eliminate dangerous chemicals from its supply chain, therefore improving the safety of its goods and manufacturing processes.

Burberry's attempts to encourage openness demonstrate its compatibility with customer needs for sustainability (Lazarova et al., 2023). The brand's website contains information on its sustainability goals and efforts, demonstrating its commitment to responsible practices (Laszlo, Cooperrider and Fry, 2020). Burberry not only matches the socially conscious consumer's demands, but it also establishes trust and credibility with its audience.

Burberry can improve its brand reputation and promote consumer loyalty by using sustainable practices (Batas et al. 2022). Burberry may present itself as a responsible and socially concerned premium fashion company by emphasising sustainability (de Kerviler et al., 2021). Consumers are more likely to acquire a favourable opinion of the brand, resulting in more brand loyalty and advocacy. Furthermore, implementing sustainable practices might attract a new sector of consumers that value ethical shopping, hence growing Burberry's client base. According to McKinsey (2016), more than half of customers are more inclined to support a company with a strong commitment to sustainability, highlighting the opportunity for Burberry to tap into this developing market sector.

Legal Factor

Labour laws and employment practices

Counterfeit and pirated goods accounted for 3.3% of global commerce in 2019, according to the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), posing a substantial economic threat to genuine firms like Burberry. The corporation invests much in protecting its intellectual property rights and combating counterfeit goods (International Chamber of Commerce, 2019). Consumers can differentiate authentic Burberry items from fakes because of legal efforts against counterfeiters, as well as safeguards such as product labelling and holograms. Burberry understands the importance of ethical labour practices and has taken steps to resolve these problems (Rana et al. 2021). The corporation released its Global Supply Chain Charter, which outlines standards for fair labour practises, worker safety, and environmental stewardship (Villena & Gioia, 2020). Burberry's dedication to transparency and social responsibility strengthens the brand's image as a responsible and ethical fashion company.

Compliance with labour regulations and ethical hiring practices are critical for preserving favourable relationships with stakeholders like customers, investors, and advocacy organisations (OECD, 2013). Brands that demonstrate a commitment to fair labour practices and ethical sourcing may strengthen their audience's confidence and attract socially conscious consumers who share Burberry's values.

Chart depicting PESTLE Analysis in a brief

The chart is depicting the PESTLE analysis:

Conclusion

In conclusion, the thorough examination of Burberry's business environment illustrates the dynamic difficulties and possibilities that it will encounter in the worldwide luxury fashion market of 2023. The corporation must deal with geopolitical uncertainty, shifting consumer tastes, and economic and technical developments. Burberry can capitalize on growing markets while maintaining brand relevance by embracing sustainability, respecting multiple cultures, and exploiting digital platforms, securing a competitive advantage in the ever-changing field of premium apparel.

Part 3: Reflection

Description

My role as a Level 7 student in tackling the job of analysing the changing global landscape for international business and completing a literature study on Burberry was to demonstrate critical thinking, research skills, and academic comprehension of the subject matter. My duties included exhaustively researching relevant sources, analysing data, and presenting a well-structured and evidence-based case. The examination was crucial, and I felt obligated to present a high-quality piece of work that proved my comprehension and knowledge.

Feelings

Throughout the semester, I attended extra support classes, such as library and CELT seminars, to improve my research, citation, and academic writing abilities. These sessions were really helpful in building my research strategy, allowing me to properly assess and evaluate evidence to support my views. The support sessions also taught me how to use numerous research databases and tools, which improved the credibility of my literature review.

Evaluation

It was critical for me to manage my workload and time in order to fulfil the deadlines for each level of the examination. To guarantee consistent development, I prioritised work and established defined targets. Regularly maintaining my reflective notebook allowed me to track my participation, highlight problems, and identify opportunities for development. I also used time management strategies like the Pomodoro method to improve my attention and productivity (Freund & Tomasik, 2021). This experience has broadened my awareness of global business dynamics, and I am dedicated to using these critical learning insights in future evaluations to improve my academic achievement and professional development.

Analysis

The need of maintaining current knowledge and comprehending the ever-changing global scene is one major learning lesson I gained from this programme. The ever-changing nature of the luxury fashion industry and worldwide companies need on-going awareness and agility in order to capitalize on emerging possibilities and successfully resolve problems.

Action plan

Conclusion

In conclusion, the module on Global Business in Context gave me significant insights into the complexities of the worldwide business landscape and the issues that premium fashion firms like Burberry confront. I was able to give a well-rounded literature review because of rigorous study, time management, and participation in support sessions.

References

Barbieri, M. (2022). Council Post: Chinese New Year: What Luxury Brands Must Understand For Marketing Campaigns. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/01/27/chinese-new-year-what-luxury-brands-must-understand-for-marketing-campaigns/?sh=10eb008a5460

Bryan, B. (2018). Trump’s trade war with China is “on hold,” but the fight is far from over. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/trumps-trade-war-with-china-is-on-hold-but-the-fight-is-far-from-over/articleshow/64263296.cms

Burberry PLC. (2023). Burberry Beyond Climate. Retrieved on: 1^st August 2023, from:

Cabigiosu, A. (2020). An Overview of the Luxury Fashion Industry. Palgrave Advances in Luxury, 9(31), 9–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48810-9_2

Cao, C., Li, X., & Liu, G. (2023). Does geopolitical risk matter for corporate investment decisions? Evidence from cross‐border acquisitions. Economics & Politics. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12240

Charm, T., Coggins, B., Robinson, K., & Wilkie, J. (2020, August 4). The great consumer shift: Ten charts that show how US shopping behavior is changing | McKinsey. Www.mckinsey.com. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/the-great-consumer-shift-ten-charts-that-show-how-us-shopping-behavior-is-changing

Collinson, S., Rugman, A., Narula, R. and Rugman, A. (2020). International Business. 8th Edition. [Insert Publisher Location]: Pearson International Content. (R2) https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=6031374

Creevey, D., Coughlan, J., & O’Connor, C. (2021). Social media and luxury: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12271

Cultural Spaces in International Business : Theories and Applications, edited by Taran Patel, and Ahmad M. Salih, Taylor & Francis Group, 2022. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=6893454.

de Kerviler, G., Gentina, E., & Heuvinck, N. (2021, September 10). Research: How to Position a Luxury Brand as Sustainable. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/09/research-how-to-position-a-luxury-brand-as-sustainable

Deloitte. (2022). Global Powers of Luxury Goods 2022 A new wave of enthusiasm in luxury Contents. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/gr/Documents/consumer/gr_gx_global_powers_of_luxury_goods_report_noexp.pdf

Doing Business in Emerging Markets : Progress and Promises, edited by Sudhir Rana, and Shrivastava, Avinash K., Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=6686353.

Feng, Y. (2022). The Effect of U.S.-China Trade War on the Performance of U.S.-listed Chinese Firms. 2022 5th International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB). https://doi.org/10.1145/3512676.351268

Gholipour, H. F., Nunkoo, R., Foroughi, B., & Daronkola, H. K. (2021). Economic policy uncertainty, consumer confidence in major economies and outbound tourism to African countries. Tourism Economics, 135481662098538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620985382

Ghosh, S. (2021). The impact of economic uncertainty and financial stress on consumer confidence: the case of Japan. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/jabes-04-2021-0044

Girod, S. J. (2022). How Luxury Brands Keep Up With Fast Technological Change. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephanegirod/2022/12/14/how-luxury-brands-keeps-up-with-fast-technological-change/?sh=302bc1cde0bd

Hill, Charles, and G. Tomas M. Hult. International Business : Competing in the Global Marketplace, McGraw-Hill US Higher Ed ISE, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, (R4) https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=5561464.

Indvik, L. (2022, November 15). Luxury market forecast to grow despite global recession fears. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/8b795dde-cc05-4d2b-b84c-35234e4b47ab

International Chamber of Commerce. (2019). ICC - International Chamber of Commerce. ICC - International Chamber of Commerce. https://iccwbo.org/

Kamal, Sya. (2017). Burberry Analysis and Security Valuation - 75%.

Dey, B., Alwi, S. F. S., Babu, M. M., Roy, S. K., & Muhammad, S. S. (2022). Brexit or Brand it? The Effects of Attitude Towards Brexit and Reshored Brands on Consumer Purchase Intention. British Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12663

Laszlo, C., Cooperrider, D. and Fry, R. (2020). Global Challenges as Opportunity to Transform Business for Good. Sustainability, 12(19), p.8053. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198053.

Lawson, A. (2023, April 24). Brexit is a drag on growth, says Burberry chair, as he attacks “own goal” on VAT. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/apr/24/brexit-drag-on-growth-burberry-chair-vat-gerry-murphy-rishi-sunak

Lazarova, M., Caligiuri, P., Collings, D.G. and De Cieri, H. (2023). Global work in a rapidly changing world: Implications for MNEs and individuals. Journal of World Business, 58(1), p.101365. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101365.

López, B., Rangel-Pérez, C., & Fernández, M. (2023). Sustainable strategies in the luxury business to increase efficiency in reducing carbon footprint. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113607

McKinsey . (2021). The State of Fashion 2022. In McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/retail/our%20insights/state%20of%20fashion/2022/the-state-of-fashion-2022.pdf

McKinsey. (2016). DIGITAL GLOBALIZATION: THE NEW ERA OF GLOBAL FLOWS. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/McKinsey%20Digital/Our%20Insights/Digital%20globalization%20The%20new%20era%20of%20global%20flows/MGI-Digital-globalization-Full-report.ashx

McKinsey. (2023). The State of Fashion 2023. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/retail/our%20insights/state%20of%20fashion/2023/the-state-of-fashion-2023-holding-onto-growth-as-global-clouds-gathers-vf.pdf

Megatrends in International Business : Examining the Influence of Trends on Doing Business Internationally, edited by Spiros Batas, et al., Springer International Publishing AG, 2022. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=6944941

Morrison, Janet. The Global Business Environment : Towards Sustainability?, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2020. ProQuest Ebook Central, (R5) https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=6235079.

OECD. (2013). DRAFT OUTLINE: ANTI-CORRUPTION COMPLIANCE HANDBOOK FOR BUSINESS. https://www.oecd.org/corruption/Anti-CorruptionEthicsComplianceHandbook.pdf

OECD. (2021). FOSTERING ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN A WORLD OF OPEN AND INTEGRATED MARKETS RISKS, VULNERABILITIES AND AREAS FOR POLICY ACTION REPORT PREPARED FOR THE 2021 UK PRESIDENCY OF THE G7. https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/OECD-G7-Report-Fostering-Economic-Resilience-in-a-World-of-Open-and-Integrated-Markets.pdf

Olteanu, L. (2020). Rebranding strategies and their boomerang effect—The curious case of Burberry. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 23(5-6), 777–797. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12173

Pasquali, M. (2023, March 29). Retail e-commerce sales CAGR 2021-2025. Statista. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/220177/b2c-e-commerce-sales-cagr-forecast-for-selected-countries

Petricevic, O. and Teece, D.J. (2019). The structural reshaping of globalization: Implications for strategic sectors, profiting from innovation, and the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, [online] 50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00269-x.

Petro, G. (2021, April 30). Gen Z Is Emerging As The Sustainability Generation. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregpetro/2021/04/30/gen-z-is-emerging-as-the-sustainability-generation/

Pookulangara, S., & Koesler, K. (2011). Cultural influence on consumers’ usage of social networks and its’ impact on online purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(4), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.03.003

Pope, R. (2021, October 14). Recent Study Reveals More Than a Third of Global Consumers Are Willing to Pay More for Sustainability as Demand Grows for Environmentally-Friendly Alternatives. Business Wire. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211014005090/en/Recent-Study-Reveals-More-Than-a-Third-of-Global-Consumers-Are-Willing-to-Pay-More-for-Sustainability-as-Demand-Grows-for-Environmentally-Friendly-Alternatives

PWC. (2023, February 16). Global Consumer Insights Survey: PwC. PWC. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/consumer-markets/consumer-insights-survey.html

Robinson , P. K., & Hsieh , L. (2016). Reshoring: a strategic renewal of luxury clothing supply chains | European Reshoring Monitor. Reshoring.eurofound.europa.eu. https://reshoring.eurofound.europa.eu/reference-material/reshoring-strategic-renewal-luxury-clothing-supply-chains

Robinson, P. K., & Hsieh, L. (2016). Reshoring: a strategic renewal of luxury clothing supply chains. Operations Management Research, 9(3-4), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-016-0116-x

Sitkin, Alan, and Karine Mangion-Thornley. Absolute Essentials of International Business, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=6331475.

Sitkin, Alan. International Business : Attitudes and Alternatives, Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=6736317.

Slavin, T. (2022, April 18). Can the world turn a new LEAF in the battle against tropical deforestation? Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/can-world-turn-new-leaf-battle-against-tropical-deforestation-2022-04-18/

Song, R., Moon, S., Chen, H., & Houston, M. B. (2017). When marketing strategy meets culture: the role of culture in product evaluations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(3), 384–402. Researchgate. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0525-x

Villena, V. H., & Gioia, D. A. (2020, March). A More Sustainable Supply Chain. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/03/a-more-sustainable-supply-chain

Wild, John, and Kenneth Wild. International Business: the Challenges of Globalization, Global Edition, Pearson Education, Limited, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ulster/detail.action?docID=5674818.

World Economic Forum (2023). The Global Risks Report 2023 18th Edition. [online] Available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2023.pdf.

Freund, A. M., & Tomasik, M. J. (2021). Managing conflicting goals through prioritization? The role of age and relative goal importance. PLOS ONE, 16(2), e0247047. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247047

Oerther, S., & Watson, R. (2019). Emerging nursing scholars guide to peer reviewing an academic manuscript. Nursing Open, 6(4), 1284–1288. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.368

Verbeke, A., Coeurderoy, R., & Matt, T. (2018). The future of international business research on corporate globalization that never was…. Journal of International Business Studies, 49(9), 1101–1112. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/s

You Might Also Like:

Asian Business Report Writing Help

IBO05 International Marketing Logistics Assessment Answers

APMG 8099 Business and Organisational Strategy Assignment Sample

Looking For Complete Assignment Sample Get It On WhatsApp