401210 Jackson Smith Asthma Case Study Sample

Health Variations

Slide 2: Introduction: Asthma is prevalent respiratory disorder that affects the airways and prevents free passage of oxygen. As a consequence, the individual exhibit symptoms and signs like breathlessness and shortness of breath. In severe cases, hypoxic conditions may be developed that are fatal for an individual. This presentation will identify the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of asthma based on the case study of John Smith.

Slide 3: An 18-year-old patient has been admitted in the clinical facility with complaints of breathlessness. The heart rate of the patient is high and oxygen saturation levels are low. The patient was diagnosed with asthma at the age of two. The dyspnea and breathlessness along with poor sounds in chest auscultation indicate acute asthmatic attack.

Slide 4: The given diagram indicates the cellular pathogenesis of asthma. An allergen or irritant molecule binds with the receptor in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. This results in triggering of an immunogenic response under which the cells of immune system pathway result in multimodal action of restricting the airflow though hyperresponsiveness, inflammation of the respiratory tract, hyper mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and tissue remodeling.

Slide 5: The inflammation of the airway results in hyperresponsiveness and limits the airflow. Sub-basement fibrosis may be observed in certain cases. As a result, the airway of the patient is blocked and there is difficulty in gaseous exchange. The body tries to compensate for the limited availability of the oxygen and thereby, the signs and symptoms of asthma become visible. 

Slide 6: The breathlessness and dyspnea in the patient are directly associated with the bronchoconstriction, airway edema, and hyperresponsiveness in the patient. This results in narrowing of the airway passage. This results in reduced inhalation and difficulty in breathing evident by low auscultation sounds in the patient, shortness of breath, dyspnea, and difficulty in talking.

Slide 7: Poor oxygen saturation levels at 94% in the patient and the high heart rate of 130bpm indicate that the body of the patient is trying to compensate for the limited oxygen availability in the body. The organs in the body are not receiving adequate oxygen and thus high blood pressure is a compensatory measure for same. Low oxygen saturation levels in the patient indicate poor oxygen availability and mark the evidence for asthmatic attack.

Slide 8: This presentation summarized the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of asthma in an 18 year old patient. The disease is characterized with limited air availability in the body due to hinderance in the airway passage. The care requires immediate attention as lack of oxygen to tissues and cells in hypoxic conditions can serve to be fatal. To compensate for the same, the body tries to increase the heart rate and respiratory rate. However, the oxygen saturation levels in the patient remain low.

Slide 9: References for Health Variations

Australia, N. A. C. (2017). Australian asthma handbook, version 1.3. Melbourne: National Asthma Council Australia.

Gon, Y., & Hashimoto, S. (2018). Role of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in pathogenesis of asthma. Allergology International, 67(1), 12-17.

Kleniewska, P., & Pawliczak, R. (2017). The participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 94, 100-108.

Pavord, I. D., Beasley, R., Agusti, A., Anderson, G. P., Bel, E., Brusselle, G., ... & Frey, U. (2018). After asthma: Redefining airways diseases. The Lancet, 391(10118), 350-400.

Peebles, R. S., & Aronica, M. A. (2019). Proinflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of asthma. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 40(1), 29-50.

Russell, R. J., & Brightling, C. (2017). Pathogenesis of asthma: Implications for precision medicine. Clinical Science, 131(14), 1723-1735.

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