Critical analysis of linguistic journal Assessment Answer

Subject Name : critical discussion

Critical analysis of linguistic journal

Critical analysis
The article is based on direct and indirect complaints it establishes different studies of the authors on complaints and their ways to identify the complaints. The authors have also mentioned the remedies to deal with these direct and indirect complaints. Direct complaints and indirect complaints are the two face-threatening and nonface-threatening acts of speech (Salmani-Nodoushan amp Al Falasi, 2007). In the case of indirect complaints about something or someone, the person is present in speech acts. On the other hand while making an indirect speech the person for whom the complaint is meant to be is not present in the act. There are always lengthy discussions in both of the complaints. Usually, in indirect complaints a person finds it conversational material (Rashidi, 2017). Sometimes in indirect complaints, the arguments become aggressive and the listener involves in the series of giving sympathy, attention and complaints.
Indirect complaints are the dissatisfactory expression of a speaker about something or someone which is not present there. It is a negative evaluation of the person where the speaker is not held responsible for the perceived task and not he is even responsible for curing it. Boxer (1993a) was one of the early attempters who studied indirect complaints (Ekmekci, 2015). In her study, 533 indirect complaints were produced by 295 speakers. She also identified three types of IC themes and six types of IC responses. Her study was totally focused on gender, social status and social distance connection with IC. Boxers study has many aspects in relation to the indirect complaints concept. She has mentioned some important facts about IC. In her study on speakers, she found that 25 of the speakers are Jewish, and it is the case to be investigated on ethnicity. The study of Boxer about indirect complaint was based on Japanese ESL learners and El peers. In this study of Boxer 295 spontaneous conversations were recorded. After these many complaints, the issue arrived was how to resolve these problems (Kdr, 2019). Boxer also said that trouble-telling was used for more conversation, to establish harmony and to build relationships. She also mentioned that using the same questions for the participants who are asked in the interview was not a good idea because it limits the depth of the participants answers. In her next interview boxer used open-ended interview through which the expansion of ideas and flexibility of responses are guessed. This technique was easier to gather information, ideas and perceptions very precisely and in and in-depth, which shared the respondents idea and perception about trouble telling. Her findings indicated that direct complaints were considered as complaints and the indirect complaints were seen as a positive way of sharing information.
In the study of Frenscure in 1993, the tape-recorded role-play data on eighty-three subjects were provided mostly based on apologies. The study was based in four different groups (a) native Italian speakers in Italy, (b) native English speakers in Canada, (c) Italian residing in Canada, (d) English-Canadian learners of Italian. The respondents after being recorded in six role plays were asked to listen to all six recordings. The data was coded on the basis of seven linguistic formulas in two groups one is hearer-supportive and the other one is self-supportive (Fakhri amp Bonyadi, 2016). The performance of participants was measured on the basis on the basis of three aspects (1) production, the output of the formula. (2) Selection, the type of formula used. (3) The intensity of the formula produced. After data analysis the result indicated that Italian speakers were giving the preference to the self-supportive category of formula, the natives of English speakers privileged the hearer-supportive categories. On the other hand, Canadian learners of Italian had no preferences.
A study shown by Arent (1996) is based on experimental research in which the comparison between the relative frequency of performance and avoidance of oral complaints by twenty-two Chinese learners and twelve native speakers of American English. The study said that the subjects of the study to ask three problematic solutions that were set in the same university housing complex. The three data sets were provided on the basis of (1) audiotaped role to play. (2) Interview on personal seriousness and last and third one was verbal report data and the participants have to respond to it. Arent also examined that sociopragmatic (the language used for everyday social practices) judgment created for national service scheme of American English and Chinese learners performed to be associated with (a) situational seriousness of individuals perception,(b) culturally conditioned perceptions of the flexibility of explicit social contracts.
Research methodology
The research methodology which is used in an article was based on primary data based on a survey of 465 respondents of Iran. They belong to different age groups, age, gender and social class. The research respondents comprised of 233 male, 232 female. Among them 110 participants were teens, 117 participants were young, 120 were adults and 118 were old. The factors on which social class people were identified are a monthly income of a person, neighbourhood residence, brand of a car used, possession of mobile phone and type of house they own.
Findings
The critical analysis of the article states that direct complaints and indirect complaints are the two face-threatening and nonface-threatening acts of speech.
One of the authors has developed three types of IC themes and six types of responses for the better responses from the respondents.
Another study of the author is based on the role play data. The data was analysed on the basis of linguistic formulas.
The impacts of all the methods applied on respondents were different and they were used to analyse the linguistic and semantic issues and types of complaints identified by them.
Conclusion
The critical analysis of the article focuses on direct and indirect complaints. Different authors have given different methods and ways to identify the problems. The importance of doing this research is that authors have given various ways to find out a problem that is a direct complaint or indirect complaint. They identified the depth of the problem by analysing ideas, information by interviewing the participants, through tape-recording and audio tape recording.
References
Ekmekci, E. (2015). Native and non-native english instructorsproduction of refusals and complaints a preliminary case study in a state university in turkey.Journal of International Social Research,8(39).Fakhri, P., amp Bonyadi, A. (2016). A Comparative Study of the Apology Strategies Used by Advanced Iranian Efl Teachers and Native Speakers of English.Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods,6(2), 306.Kdr, D. Z. (2019). Ritual, Aggression and Linguistic Research with Social ImpactA Discussion Note.Jadavpur Journal of Languages and Linguistics,2(2), 164-169.
Rashidi, N. M. (2017). An Interlanguage Pragmatic Study of Saudis Complaints.Studies in Literature and Language,15(2), 11-19.
Salmani-Nodoushan, M. A., amp Al Falasi, H. (2007). Politeness markers in Persian requestives.Editors Paul Robertson and John Adamson,2(1), 43.