Hazardous Industries Module Assessment Answer

Introduction

Although businesses are vital to human growth, they also pose severe risks to human life. Several lives have been lost as a result of industrial hazards. Industrial safety is essential because it protects lives in hazardous environments or when individuals are exposed to dangerous materials. To save human life, it is necessary to integrate the management of security, health, and the environment. The hazardous industries work with raw materials that risk the environment and people's lives. Some businesses, including those in the oil and petrochemical sectors, work with combustible raw materials and end products. As a result, significant environmental risks and dangers are associated with the processes used to refine raw materials, product storage, and transportation. The many learning resources included in the module on hazardous industries provide crucial knowledge that prepares students for future employment. The twelve subjects in the dangerous industries module detail the dangers and health hazards connected to various sectors.

Students must learn about hazards and various mitigation strategies. The lessons emphasize to the pupils the value of wearing protective gear when working in the field. Different industries are connected with other dangers. Thus, knowing every threat helps the children choose the appropriate attire. The twelve themes in the module are filled with professional experiences shared with the students.

Reflection

Aviation and Aerodrome Safety

This topic introduces aviation and airport safety risks and procedures necessary for students willing to develop careers in the same domain. The topic provides essential knowledge and understanding regarding implementing the practices in a practical environment such as an airport. In the centre, the topic has four primary goals to achieve. The first is to deliver knowledge on applicable regulations and requirements in the aerodrome and aviation industry. Second, it develops learning with the local sector dealing with the aviation industry. Third, there is an emphasis on the risks and risk management approaches in the environment, and the last is to foster the development of safety measures with implementation strategies (Malakis and Kontogiannis, 2023). As a whole, the topic delivers a multi-dimensional understanding of the aviation and airport industry.

The topic also explained core concepts. For instance, it describes that an aerodrome is a restricted area in which plane operations are conducted. It also guides that aviation safety is different from work safety, and national legislation can induce international obligations, including the Air Navigations Order and the Air Navigation Act. Work Safety and Health Act covers work safety-related measures and procedures (Henderson, 2022). Considering all these concepts, the topic is valuable to understanding safety management systems in airports and the aviation industry.

Transforming Site Safety

Site transformation includes significant risks and challenges on finance, human and other resources. The second topic aims to develop an understanding of safety requirements at sites under transformation so that different hazards specific to the situation and environment can be identified and integrated into safety protocols. It is identified that working on-site can integrate the information on risks and dangers, and the depth of the knowledge defines the degree of safety in practices (Gherardi and Nicolini, 2016). However, several risks are associated with and specific to the working environment, so the topic covers a broad category of risks and safety procedures to guide safety practices.

The topic focuses on the importance of personal protective equipment and considers individual resources accountable for the care and use of such equipment when working on-site. It elaborates that high-quality, standard PPE is required to protect against falling objects and other hazards. PPE must be inspected regularly for defects and cracks to ensure such safety. Repair or replacement must be considered a priority in case of damage. However, each site has variations in hazards (Brauer, 2022). Still, some common hazards are falling off heights, falling objects, handling hazardous substances, getting into confined spaces, lifting heavy mechanical loads and being connected with electricity, fire and cutting or moving parts.

HSSE Practices

This topic will discuss the challenges in the rock blasting industry and identify possible solutions to address the challenges and complexities. The topic helped me understand that rock blasting is important in infrastructure developments, mining and construction, but it involves operational, regulatory, geotechnics and environmental risks and challenges. It also discusses how the controlled processes can aid in safety. For instance, drill and blast uses explosives and other methods to break the rock for excavation, and the process is highly effective, cost-efficient and able to break hard rocks (Persson et al., 2018). The topic discussed the drill and blast process, explosives and detonators to use and stakeholders to consider. Legal requirements such as risk management, general provisions and construction and confined space regulations of the Workplace Safety and Health Act are important to consider.

The common challenges are fly rocks, noise and high vibration, which may contaminate water, air pollution and soil erosion. From a geotechnical perspective, there are challenges, such as variations in rock property, geological conditions, rock overbreak stability and strength in the planning and analysis process for blasting. Operations influence cost and efficiency, project scheduling and management, equipment performance and maintenance, productivity and downtime (Pal Roy, 2021). Similarly, several technological and regulatory challenges can be identified using a systematic hazard identification cycle. The major mitigation strategies include safety protocol and training programs, environmental monitoring and mitigation measures and collaboration with industry standards and regulatory bodies.

Beyond HSE profession

This topic aims to understand how health and safety measures are accountable to individuals available on the site. A health risk matrix, safety checklist and personal protective equipment should be considered on-site. There might be external factors such as paychecks for hard work and other things, but on the job, the environment is a bonus over health and safety measures. There might be differences in standard practice and individual perspectives, and the choice of best practice depends on the individual handling the situation. The work and workplace organization, first aid facilities, participation in fire safety training and donning are important aspects that individuals should manage as responsibility (Wybo and Van Wassenhove, 2016). Without individual support and coordination in health and safety, achieving an overall safe environment is challenging. The topic also focuses on fundamental knowledge of the professionals along with their activities with professional bodies, giving back to society and corporate social responsibilities.

The topic emphasizes that safety is not just about saving lives but also about exercising leadership, influencing people, achieving happiness and building character for a safe environment. It also guided how the professional environment and career can be perceived as the personal career to correlate the things.

Safety Training – HAZMAT

This topic aims to impart essential knowledge and skills for drivers during transportation and handling hazardous substances. It focuses on code of practices, legislation, hazard classification and identification, emergency procedure and use of elements to handle the hazards. There are three main approaches to consider during hazardous material transportation: mitigation, prevention and avoidance. SCDF is an authority to issue a permit with three components: security screening, hazmat transport driver training and enforcement, and revocation or cancellation. There are different authorities for different types of materials in transportation (Forigua and Lyons, 2016). For instance, SPF handles explosive material transportation, and NEA/CRP addresses transportation of radioactive materials.

The topic introduces the process of obtaining a hazmat transport driver permit along with the limitations and advantages of the permit. The topic is providing comprehensive training on various types of permits, their capabilities, hazards and problems a driver or associated people may face and possible solutions and practices to consider. It also indicates how the standard and regulatory approaches can be used to avoid the big problems that occurred in the past in various sectors. It defines various safety measures and introduces the commonly used safety equipment for their capabilities and use (Zhigerbayeva and Yang, 2021). For example, a fire extinguisher is introduced for its chemical components, process to use, description, and purpose of various elements. This topic is highly valuable to understanding safety in most contexts and enables us to select the right choice of equipment to address the risks.

Safe Loading and Securing of Loads on Vehicles

This topic introduces how heavy and light items can be transported to destinations with the safety of drivers and others. It discusses past incidents and guides for proper security practices. For example, it is discussed how the large slabs were toppled from the trailer, and in this incident, the driver reported that the loading securing practices were not used effectively. No human loss is identified in such incidents, but in other cases, secure loading is an essential component for vehicles. The standard practices focus on using of stowing the container is not full. It is important to avoid slip and fork of the load with speed and break of the vehicle (Vlkovský et al, 2017). Further, anchor points and restrained devices are important when using a tracked bulldozer. Possible hazards, such as forward or rearward movement of the machine, sideways movement and ancillaries, must be addressed with precautions.

Similarly, there are standard precautions to consider when securing industrial forklifts and wheel tractor shovels. General requirements such as securing the load, safe loading using SS663 2020 Code of Practice for Safe Loading, load restraint system and load security equipment are discussed. There is also an emphasis on general safety precautions. Therefore, the topic provides an essential guideline to handle the loads in transportation and enables a pathway for further exploration of the factors existing in context to design a secure loading mechanism.

Aviation Safety – Part II

This topic explores aviation safety as more than seven thousand commercial aeroplanes are in the air at anytime. It discusses that safety practices include tools, people, procedures, equipment, materials and software. A safety management system is used to maintain balance in production and protection. The topic also explored how aviation significantly impacts the economy when enabling transportation and employment to people and enabling businesses for freight. There is also discussion of how the oil crisis, Iran-Iraq war, Gulf war, Asian crisis, 9/11 terrorist attack and world recession have impacted the economy while freight tonnes increased over time. Zero fatality is the aspirational goal in aviation safety, and the industry is not so far from this. Currently, three main safety areas are loss of control in-flights, controlled flights in terrain and runway safety (JD, 2017). These are the top areas in which fatalities are alarming. Aside from these, there are challenges such as complexity in aviation transportation routes and standards, natural disasters and other threats. Considering the regional and global accidents, five safety priorities are defined: reduce operational risks, improve ICAO safety oversight, predictive risk management, effective and consistent safety management and programs and enhanced aviation infrastructure.

Key issues in implications and requirements for safety awareness are explored along with Dirty Dozen. The topic also detailed safety issues and requirements while describing several technological components to address most problems and deficits (Barnett, 2020). It discusses the systems and their configuration to assure maximum safety. The topic is valuable for individuals seeking a career in the aviation industry.

Process Plant: Safety Operations Perspective

This topic presents the operations of a process plant and provides an experience of how the process plan works with different production methods. The knowledge of process plant operations gives fundamental skills required for a career in this industry. It is discussed that a process plant operation starts with design and engineering and ends with a plan and definition. The process defines the range of products the company will produce and process. However, plants may vary in their operations and methods (Reese, 2018). Some plants may use continuous production, while others focus on batch processing. In continuous production, processing and production are done without interruptions, whereas batch processing works in stages and processes the batch of materials simultaneously. The topic is valuable to understanding process classification and includes the process factors, operational challenges, process control mechanism and possible hazards. The production factor also includes material, human resources, energy and equipment to support the process (Badri et al., 2018). This topic is important to understand the safety procedures to consider in different production methods and enable a safe work environment.

Career in Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) and the future

This topic explores the speaker's profile to demonstrate career progression, including hazards and awards and working in different environments and cultures. It emphasizes the point of what will be the future of QHSE professionals. It briefly discusses the four industrial revolutions and the influence of the fourth revolution on workplace safety. It states that everything is getting smarter, and automation and connectedness are increasing, so new technologies are being introduced to fuse the digital and physical worlds (Shamsuddin et al., 2015). There is a discussion of virtual and augmented reality equipment, wearables, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, big data and analytics and robotics to make workplace safety and health within the reach of professionals.

The topic guides that integrating the technology can foster easier implementation and assurance of safety and health. At the same time, the overall influence of the operations and profession on the environment can be mitigated. The future in this profession is complex with the industrial revolution and the upgrade of technologies. Therefore, individuals should know the ongoing trends and patterns to ensure maximum safety and operational efficiency. The capabilities of the technologies for various routine tasks related to airlines and airports are discussed, and it is valuable to demonstrate the importance of technology integration in safety practices.

Managing Psychological Hazards at Workplace

This topic discussed the psychological hazards and their impact on business performance and individuals. It also discusses how such hazards can be addressed. The example of COVID-19 shows that business performance has backlash due to a tight labour market, technological disruptions, fierce competition and a disengaged workforce. Several other factors, such as the risk of chronic disease, an ageing workforce, and longer working hours, impact the inclusion of people in the workplace. Therefore, a sustainable workplace combines considerations of planet, people and profit. 'Good health and well-being' are a sustainable development goal adopted by the United Nations in 2015. Considering people as the main bottom line for sustainable businesses, it is identified that work-related stress, low job controls, poor support, fluctuations in job demands, organizational justice and poor work recognition are major contributing factors to psychological and social hazards (Yiengprugsawan et al., 2015). Individual factors also cause psychological hazards, including individual fitness, personal characteristics, health conditions, exposure to traumatic events and use of certain medicines.

Psychological hazards can cause psychological injuries such as anxiety, depression, emotional distress, insomnia, trauma, self-harm and post-traumatic stress disorders for a short or long time. Such injuries impact performance by reducing productivity, causing a decline in job satisfaction, increasing staff turnover, increasing absenteeism, and causing a decline in the quality of the relationships. The topic guides that initial physical, emotional, psychological and behavioural signs are important to understand, along with a source of the cause to ensure timely resolution.

Hydro-jetting Safety Aspects

This topic briefly introduces the oil and petrochemical sector and then focuses on hydrojetting, its hazards, and mitigation. The industry derives chemicals from petroleum. Fossil fuels and renewable sources such as sugar cane and palm fruits are also included, especially for the oil industry. It is identified that the construction industry is the top contributor to 14 workplace fatal injuries, and the top injuries are falls from heights, vehicular accidents and slips, trips and falls. In the oil and petrochemical industry, inherent environmental hazards, concurrent activities, multidisciplinary work environment and the possibility of conflict nearby. Hydro jetting, a method used for cleaning, removing blockage, breaking concrete, paint removal, surface preparation and drain cleaning, may include hazards such as amputation, injection injuries, eye injury, fractures and hose whipping (Al-Darwish et al., 2017). There are also possible static electric hazards with fire and explosion, noise, and other oil and petrochemical industry-specific hazards.

The job in this domain is difficult and demands a hierarchy of controls. For instance, specialized training can mitigate common hazards, whereas earthing can cause electric hazards when working on hydro-jetting and other equipment. Similarly, personal protective equipment can be used to mitigate the risks. Several engineering controls, such as whip arrestors and man-less operations, can be preferred to avoid common hazards.

Health Risk Hazards in Hazardous Industries

This topic provides a practical understanding of health risk hazards in various industries. It provides a broad view of health risk hazards and enables the learners to conduct more in-depth study and exploration compared to safety hazards. It discusses the common material handling process, good industrial hygiene practices, and bulk powder delivery and transfer. It is identified that the dust generation process may occur when filling a container with powder, opening or disposing of the bags and weighing mixed ingredients (Kletz, 2018). In such cases, suitable precaution measures are required to consider in mixing and maintenance, while manual power handling can be eliminated in most cases. It is also possible to have exposure to liquids during handling.

The topic has discussed the various processes used in hazardous industries. It discusses how the process can lead to health hazards. There is an emphasis on different welding and painting processes, and elaborates how they can pose some health risks to the workers. The topic is significant to understanding the nature of the work and possible health hazards imposed by the work in certain conditions.

Conclusion

It is concluded that hazardous industries need significant consideration of safety, health and other challenges and suitable measures and procedures are required to ensure safe workplaces. The topics also focused on professionals in such industries and individual's responsibilities to foster safety measures. Students must learn about hazards and various mitigation strategies. The twelve subjects covered in the hazardous industries module include important details regarding the dangers and health hazards connected to various businesses. The lessons emphasize to the pupils the value of wearing protective gear when working in the field. Because different sectors come with different dangers, students need to understand each risk so they can choose the appropriate gear. For the reduction of various dangers, safety regulations are also essential. Students understand the value of adhering to the established safety standards through the material offered in the lesson.

References

Al-Darwish, H.M., Al-Dossary, S.A. and Al-Abdulmohsin, N.M., 2017, March. Chemical and Mechanical Cleaning Case Study. In NACE CORROSION (pp. NACE-2017). NACE.

Badri, A., Boudreau-Trudel, B. and Souissi, A.S., 2018. Occupational health and safety in the industry 4.0 era: A cause for major concern?. Safety science, 109, pp.403-411.

Barnett, A., 2020. Aviation safety: a whole new world?. Transportation science, 54(1), pp.84-96.

Brauer, R.L., 2022. Safety and health for engineers. John Wiley & Sons.

Forigua, J. and Lyons, L., 2016. Safety analysis of transportation chain for dangerous goods: A case study in Colombia. Transportation Research Procedia, 12, pp.842-850.

Gherardi, S. and Nicolini, D., 2016. To transfer is to transform: The circulation of safety knowledge. In Knowing in organizations: A practice-based approach (pp. 204-224). Routledge.

Henderson, I.L., 2022. Aviation safety regulations for unmanned aircraft operations: Perspectives from users. Transport Policy, 125, pp.192-206.

JD, S.K.C., 2017. Commercial aviation safety. McGraw-Hill Education.

Kletz, T.A., 2018. Hazop & Hazan: identifying and assessing process industry hazards. CRC Press.

Malakis, S. and Kontogiannis, T., 2023. Team adaptation and safety in aviation. Safety science, 158, p.105985.

Pal Roy, P., 2021. Emerging trends in drilling and blasting technology: concerns and commitments. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(7), p.652.

Persson, P.A., Holmberg, R. and Lee, J., 2018. Rock blasting and explosives engineering. CRC press.

Reese, C.D., 2018. Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press.

Shamsuddin, K.A., Ani, M.N.C., Ismail, A.K. and Ibrahim, M.R., 2015. Investigation the Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) protection in construction area. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(6), pp.624-636.

Vlkovský, M., Šmerek, M. and Michálek, J., 2017, October. Cargo securing during transport depending on the type of a road. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 4, p. 042001). IOP Publishing.

Wybo, J.L. and Van Wassenhove, W., 2016. Preparing graduate students to be HSE professionals. Safety Science, 81, pp.25-34.

Yiengprugsawan, V., Strazdins, L., Lim, L.L.Y., Kelly, M., Seubsman, S.A. and Sleigh, A.C., 2015. Physically and psychologically hazardous jobs and mental health in Thailand. Health promotion international, 30(3), pp.531-541.

Zhigerbayeva, G. and Yang, M., 2021. A safety function deployment approach to risk management of HazMat highway transportation. ACS Chemical Health & Safety, 28(5), pp.348-357.        

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