Heritability of Personality Traits Assignment Sample

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and The General Factor of Personality

Table of Contents

(i) What issues the authors are addressing.

(ii) What the main findings are.

(iii) What conclusion the authors reach.

(iv) A reflection on what you have learned by reading the paper Lecturer notes.

Reference List

(i) What Issues the Authors Are Addressing

There were five issues the authors attempted addressing. It has been addressed how the genes contribute to the differences in personality of the individuals on average. The potential moderator effects of the design of the study on the effect of heritability have been tested. It can be stated that design of the study may have a moderator effect on the results which has been attempted to be addressed (Vukasović & Bratko, 2015). The personality models used in the current study co0uld also have a moderator effect on the estimation of heritability which has been identified as an issue within the current study. The gender is a highly important factor here, that may have moderator effectives on the heritability estimate, this could be addressed as there is a lack of research that shows differential heritability based on consistent evidence. And the last problem that has been addressed by the current study is to test the potential moderator effects on the heritability estimate by neuroticism and extraversion.

(ii) What the Main Findings Are

It has been found from the current study that 45 primary studies have demonstrated involvement of heritability of personality involvement in 62 independent effect sizes. The involvement of neuroticism and extraversion has been observed from eight primary studies. There was no need for average effect size calculation. However, heritability of personality incase of individual traits have been calculated. The average effect size was 0.40. It has been indicated in the study that 40% of individual differences within personality can be attributed to genetics. There are 60% of environmental influences upon the personality traits. As estimated, the personality models and the age were not significant moderators in the estimate of heritability of personality. The study design has been found to be a highly significant moderator 0.47 as compared to the adoption and family studies. The extraversion and the introversion has also not been detected as significant moderator by the authors of the current study.

(iii) What Conclusion the Authors Reach

The study holds in conclusion that personality is heritable substantially with the genetic contribution estimates and the individual differences range from 30 and 50%. The different measures of personality is used for measuring the same personality construct with the same construct scales that modestly correlates to most of the cases. There was no evidence of differential heritability of personality at the hierarchy level of personality within the wide personality traits or dimensions. There was a significant difference in sex variables in heritability for particularly three scales, alienation, control, and absorption. There is a lack of valid methodological and theoretical reason for holding for extraversion and introversion as the moderator of heritability of personality.

(iv) A Reflection on What You Have Learned by Reading the Paper Lecturer Notes

The current study significantly helped in developing understanding of the heritability of personality through systematic review of the existing literature. The study has focused on different moderators that impacts and modifies the effects of the variables used within the study. The role of the gene in creating differences between individual to individual has been highlighted in the study which have helped in learning differential viewpoints regarding the heritability of personality. As influenced by (Mõttus et al., 2019), the use of effect sizes and funnel plot in the study of effects of genetics on personality differences have also been effectively understood. It can be stated that the funnel plot of the study was symmetrical. It has been learnt that the study was neutral from the publication biases. The studies have converged around a true mean though it has taken a non-funnel shape due to the inclusion of and overrepresentation of larger studies that includes cohorts and national samples

The mirror symmetry of the funnel plot has also been analysed through trim and fill analysis. The effect size both on the left and the right size have been compared with each other. The effect size study has provided an understanding that there is a statistically significant genetic impact within the personality (Heilbronner et al., 2019). From the forest plot analysis it can be highlighted that both average heritability estimates. The effect size further suggests that both the published and the unpublished studies fall in positive range. However, it can be stated that more effect size are required to be included in the current Meta analysis. Therefore, it can be summarised that the current study has provided understanding about different moderators that impacts upon the heritability of personality. The study has gathered different published and unpublished article findings and conducted statistical analysis which has led to the results mentioned.

Reference List for Heritability of Personality Traits

Heilbronner, U., Andlauer, T. F., Papiol, S., Budde, M., Strohmaier, J., Streit, F., ... & Rietschel, M. (2019). genetic variants associated with personality dimensions in the Heidelberg Cohort Study of the Elderly (HeiDE).

Mõttus, R., Sinick, J., Terracciano, A., Hřebíčková, M., Kandler, C., Ando, J., ... & Jang, K. L. (2019). Personality characteristics below facets: A replication and meta-analysis of cross-rater agreement, rank-order stability, heritability, and utility of personality nuances. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(4), e35.

Vukasović, T., & Bratko, D. (2015). Heritability of personality: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies. Psychological bulletin, 141(4), 769.

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