NURS20180: Mental Health Promotion Assessment Answer

Australian Healthcare System

The Australian healthcare system must promote mental health and prevent sickness, especially for Aboriginals who have a high incidence of mental illness. The Australian government has introduced community-based mental health services, culturally appropriate care, and programmes to eliminate social and economic disadvantages to address mental health issues (Australian Government, 2022). The nation has also started mental health awareness and stigma-reduction efforts. Despite these initiatives, Indigenous mental health inequities persist (Javed et al., 2021). Thus, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health must be prioritised and addressed. This article will discuss strategies in creating awareness on mental health and illness prevention strategies including national and international strategies for raising awareness and reducing prejudice and discrimination. Moreover it will reflect on the learning outcomes that are being focused.

Australia has many mental health and illness prevention measures to enhance mental health, prevent mental illness, and reduce stigma. Australians that are indegeous confront considerable inequities and hurdles when considering mental health promotion and illness preventive initiatives. Indigenous Australians have higher rates of mental illness and suicide due to various social, cultural, and historical reasons. Mental health awareness promotes positive attitudes, reduces stigma, and encourages people to seek treatment (Morgan et al., 2021). Teachers, healthcare workers, and other professionals should receive mental health first aid training. This training can help people spot mental illness, offer assistance, and find services. Encourage employers to offer mental health and wellness programmes. Workshops on stress management, mindfulness, and counselling are possible. Create community-based mental health support groups and share their stories and receive emotional assistance in these gatherings (SAMSHA, 2020).

Promoting healthy mental health attitudes, decreasing stigma, and encouraging individuals to seek help require improving mental health literacy. Implement mental health education in schools, businesses, and communities. These programmes teach individuals about mental health disorders, how to spot them, and where to get treatment. Create peer support programmes for mental health patients to connect with others. These programmes offer emotional support, counselling, and service information (Blignault et al., 2022). Create child-friendly mental health literacy programmes. These programmes teach kids about mental health, mental illness, and where to get help. Promote mental health awareness and help-seeking through public awareness initiatives. These campaigns can employ print, TV, and social media to spread their messages. Overall, enhancing mental health literacy in Australia requires a sustained, multi-stakeholder, multi-strategies approach. Together, we can promote mental health positivity, eliminate stigma, and enhance mental health outcomes for all Australians (Morgan et al., 2021).

Enhancing Mental Health

Promoting positive attitudes towards mental health and enhancing mental health results in Australia needs to reduce stigma and discrimination. Create and put into action educational and awareness campaigns that encourage mental health literacy, dispel stereotypes, and lessen stigma (National Mental Health Commission, 2021). Public campaigns, workshops, and training courses can all be part of these programmes, which can be directed at communities, businesses, and educational institutions. People with mental illness can better manage their condition's problems and lead fulfilled lives by receiving emotional and practical help. Activist and advocate for the needs and rights of those with mental illness. This can involve speaking out in favour of better mental health care, taking part in demonstrations and rallies, and interacting with politicians and policymakers. To guarantee that persons from various backgrounds receive appropriate and effective treatment, cultivate cultural competence among healthcare professionals, educators, and other service providers (Stubbe, 2020).

A holistic strategy that addresses colonisation, racism, and systematic disadvantage is needed to improve Torres Strait Islander mental health in Australia. Empower Indigenous peoples to create and administer culturally safe, appropriate, and effective mental health treatments. Mental health programmes can incorporate community input, participation, and leadership. Addressing social determinants can improve mental health. Ensure culturally safe mental health treatments and historical trauma healing. Cultural practises, values and beliefs can be incorporated into services related to mental health (Australian Government, 2017). To ensure culturally acceptable and successful mental health services, partner with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community organisations, health providers, and governments (McCalman et al., 2020). Advocate for policy changes that address the determinants that are social for Torres Strait Islander mental health, such as enhancing education and employment prospects and tackling institutional racism and discrimination.

Cald

To improve mental health outcomes for all Australians, including populations with a varied range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds (CALD), international and national policy directions for mental health promotion and mental illness prevention must be adopted (Radhamony et al., 2023). The following are some crucial tactics that can be used both internationally and domestically to meet the demands of CALD populations. The first is to develop and put into action mental health promotion strategies that are specifically geared towards the linguistic and cultural requirements of CALD communities. These advertisements ought to be multilingual and contain imagery and messaging that are appropriate to the target culture. The second is to ensure that CALD people have access to mental health services that are both safe and appropriate. Providing services in languages other than English, employing mental health specialists with CALD backgrounds, and incorporating cultural norms and beliefs into treatment programmes are a few examples of how to do this (Anglicare SA, 2017). This may involve eliminating institutional racism and discrimination, as well as expanding access to education and career possibilities. The creation and action of community-based mental health initiatives that are accessible to and appropriate for CALD populations. These initiatives should embrace cultural practises and beliefs and be developed in collaboration with CALD groups. Building capacity will enable mental health providers to better serve CALD populations. This may entail offering cultural competency instruction and encouraging the hiring of mental health specialists with CALD backgrounds (Khatri & Assefa, 2022). Promoting social inclusion, tackling institutional racism and discrimination, and enhancing access to mental health care are just a few examples of how you can advocate for policy reforms that address the needs of CALD communities.

Promotion of mental health that is culturally sensitive by creating action programmes that are sensitive to the needs of Aboriginals. These advertisements should reflect cultural practises and beliefs and be produced in collaboration with native groups. Services for mental health that are accessible and respectful of cultural norms should be provided to Torres Strait Islander peoples. Addressing the social determinants of mental health by taking steps to address the socioeconomic factors of mental health, such as unemployment, social isolation and poverty that disproportionately affect Aboriginal (Page et al., 2022). This can involve addressing the historical trauma and current effects of colonisation, as well as increasing access to education and career possibilities. The creation and implementation of community-driven mental health initiatives created in collaboration with native communities. In addition to including indigenous practises and beliefs, these programmes ought to be directed by community members and professionals in Indigenous mental health. Building capacity will help mental health professionals interact with Aboriginals more successfully. This may entail offering cultural competence instruction and encouraging the hiring of mental health specialists with Indigenous ancestry (McCalman et al., 2022).

The "Deadly Thinking" programme is an example of a mental health elevation and illness prevention strategy that has been implemented in a community of Aboriginals. The goal of the course is to reduce the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among participants. The initiative was developed by the Institute for Urban Indigenous Health (IUIH), which is located in Brisbane, Australia. Its goals are to empower indigenous people to take responsibility for their mental health and well-being, and its foundations are in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (Rural and Remote Mental Health, n.d.). CBT, which stands for cognitive behavioural therapy, is an acronym for the full phrase. The execution of the curriculum makes use of the knowledge and values that have been cultivated by Indigenous peoples and does so in a culturally respectful way. It is given in a variety of contexts, including schools, workplaces, and community organisations, by Indigenous mental health specialists as well as members of the community themselves. The strategy puts a lot of focus on assisting individuals in developing resilience, managing challenging circumstances, and critical thinking. It also motivates people to seek assistance when they require it. This includes activities that foster interpersonal relationships and a sense of purpose, as well as information on how to use new skills with lessons and tools on stress reduction, goal-setting, and problem-solving (American Psychological Association, 2019). Participation in the programme has a beneficial impact on participants' general mental health, according to research. Participants in the University of Queensland study reported considerable increases in their mental health and well-being, according to survey data. These advantages included people feeling more trusting and self-assured, as well as having better social relationships and resilience. A culturally relevant and community-driven strategy for enhancing mental health and illness prevention in Torres Strait Islander communities is laid out in the "Deadly Thinking" programme. empowers individuals to act on their mental health values and results if they are consistent with traditional indigenous wisdom for achieving mental health and wellness and recognise the significance of such actions. The "Deadly Thinking" course is based on the ideas of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), a popular and empirically proven psychotherapy intended to cure negative thoughts and behaviours and encourage mental health recovery (Snodgrass et al., 2020).

The thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are all interconnected and have an impact on one another, according to the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) paradigm. Or, to put it another way, both our thoughts and feelings and actions can be influenced by them. Unpleasant thoughts can result in unpleasant emotions and actions, which might aggravate a mental disease that already exists (Better Health Channel, 2022). With an emphasis on mental health, your well-being, and letting people support you when you need it, the "Deadly Thinking" programme assists people in recognising negative thoughts, getting rid of them, and developing more positive and innovative ways of thinking. Additionally, the programme is founded on ideas that support cultural sensitivity, community-led initiatives, and a strengths-based strategy. This enables individuals to develop resilience and improve their capacity to handle stressful situations by utilising their cultural values and resources. Additionally, it acknowledges how crucial Indigenous wisdom and principles are for advancing mental health and welfare. The program's focus on interpersonal relationships and mutual understanding mirrors the larger concepts that underpin community initiatives to promote mental health and stop exposure (American Psychological Association, 2019). Strong social ties and a feeling of purpose, according to a growing body of research, may have a large and advantageous effect on mental health outcomes. By drawing on evidence-based theoretical concepts and principles from CBT and community-based approaches, the overall "Deadly Thinking" programme represents a holistic and culturally responsive approach to mental health promotion and illness prevention in the communities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.

The "Deadly Thinking" programme has enabled the Torres Strait Islander Peoples community to become more self-sufficient by furnishing culturally sensitive and community-led mental health care and resources. These have assisted individuals in taking charge of their mental health and well-being, which has resulted in a greater sense of empowerment. To begin, the programme has contributed to the community's effort to reduce the stigma associated with mental health concerns by creating a welcoming and encouraging environment in which individuals are encouraged to discuss their own experiences and to seek assistance when it is required (Rural and Remote Mental Health, n.d.). This has assisted in the promotion of a culture that is open to and accepting of issues about mental health, and it has encouraged individuals to seek help at an earlier stage. Second, participants have been given access to useful information and tools that will assist them in the development of resiliency, skills for coping, and positive thought patterns as a result of the programme. This has enabled people to take personal responsibility for their own mental health and well-being, and it has equipped them with the knowledge and skills necessary to better manage their mental health. Thirdly, the programme has afforded participants opportunities to cultivate social connectivity as well as a sense of purpose, both of which are essential components of mental health protection. The programme has helped to foster a sense of belonging and a good view of life by linking individuals with their peers and others in the community (Rural and Remote Mental Health, n.d.).

When it comes to the promotion of mental health and the avoidance of sickness, the "Deadly Thinking" programme has been successful in achieving a variety of good outcomes for the communities of Torres Strait Islander Peoples. To begin, the programme has contributed to the community's increased awareness and understanding of mental health concerns. Additionally, it has assisted in the reduction of the stigma and shame that are frequently associated with mental health problems. People have been encouraged as a result to seek help early and to be more forthcoming about the difficulties they have with their mental health. Second, participants have reported that the programme has assisted them in developing resilience and coping abilities, as well as in challenging negative thought patterns. This has resulted in gains in individuals' levels of both self-esteem and self-confidence, and it has assisted individuals in more effectively managing their mental health. Thirdly, the programme has been successful in contributing to the development of social connectivity and a sense of purpose in the community, both of which are essential aspects in maintaining good mental health. The programme has helped to foster a sense of belonging and a good view of life by linking individuals with their peers and others in the community. Additionally, the programme has helped to provide chances for meaningful participation and activities that have a purpose. The community now has access to more culturally sensitive mental health services and resources as a direct result of the program's efforts, which brings us to the fourth point. The programme has helped to ensure that mental health support is relevant and accessible to the community by working closely with native peoples and relying on their cultural knowledge and values. This has helped to guarantee that the programme is successful. Overall, the "Deadly Thinking" programme has been quite successful in terms of promoting mental health and preventing sickness in the communities of Aboriginals.

It is essential to respect the beliefs, practises, and languages of Torres Strait Islander peoples to develop effective programmes for the promotion of mental health and the avoidance of illness among these populations. To accomplish this goal, it is essential to design and administer programmes in a manner that is sensitive to cultural norms and driven by input from the community. This requires appreciating the knowledge, wisdom, and traditional practises of Aboriginal at all phases of the process, as well as participating in engagement with Torres Strait Islander Peoples and community organisations. The provision of language and cultural assistance for those who seek mental health services, as well as the incorporation of traditional healing practises and cultural teachings into mental health programmes, are also very important aspects of this field (Gopalkrishnan, 2018).

Practitioners can better support, value, and advocate for the mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Adopting a method that is safe and respectful enables practitioners to better support, value, and advocate for the mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. This requires acknowledging and appreciating the uniqueness of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, as well as their histories, cultures, and life experiences. Building trust and rapport with these communities should be a practitioner's top priority. This can be accomplished through communicating with these populations openly and courteously and actively listening to their needs and concerns. Culturally responsive care entails working together with people from indigenous communities, such as those from Australia and the Torres Strait Islands, to devise individualised treatment programmes that make use of culturally significant therapeutic rituals and pedagogical tenets (Australian Government, 2017). Practitioners have a responsibility to ensure that the mental health treatments they provide are free from bias and discrimination, as well as to provide access to culturally safe mental health services that include language and cultural support. In addition, practitioners can advocate for the mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples by increasing mental health literacy and understanding within their communities and working to address the social determinants of mental health, such as poverty and prejudice. This is another way that practitioners can help improve the mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Curtis et al., 2019).

My personal views and perceptions have been severely tested as a result of completing the assessment work on mental health promotion and illness prevention for Torres Strait Islander Peoples. I've come to see how critical it is to acknowledge the historical and current effects of colonisation as well as the demand for healthcare services that are respectful of all cultures. I've discovered via my academic coursework the value of cultural competency and humility in healthcare and how they can improve patient outcomes. This assessment task has emphasised the importance of healthcare professionals providing improved support and advocacy for the mental health of Aboriginal people while reinforcing these learnings. I have grown to appreciate the variety of cultural beliefs, practises, and languages found in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities as well as the necessity for programmes promoting mental health and preventing illness to be adapted to and respectful of these distinctive cultural distinctions. Overall, this assessment activity has made me reevaluate my ideas and perspectives regarding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples by pushing me to confront my biases and assumptions. I now have a better awareness of the significance of promoting the mental health and well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, as well as the demand for culturally sensitive and respectful healthcare practices.

Poster

Scholarly Paper

People from culturally and linguistically diverse, generally referred to as CALD backgrounds are a priority population group in Australia that has been the focus of initiatives to eliminate health disparities. Individuals and communities hailing from all over the world can make up CALD populations in Australia. CALD communities can encounter distinct health issues due to a variety of reasons, including differences in health beliefs and practices, language barriers, and restricted access to culturally appropriate healthcare treatments (Smith et al., 2017). Other factors include inadequate access to healthcare services. In addition, CALD populations may be at a disadvantage socially and economically, which might have an effect on the health outcomes of these populations. In Australia, efforts have been concentrated on improving access to healthcare services, providing culturally appropriate health promotion and education, and addressing the social determinative factor of health, such as work, housing, and education (Wohler & Dantas 2017). This article will discuss the impact of the social determinants of mental health in CALD In addition to this article will also discuss the risk and protective factors, and the early intervention strategies utilised to support CALD

The study done by Pham et al. (2021), examined the definitions of "culturally and linguistically diverse" (CALD) as they are applied in Australian epidemiological research. The term "CALD" was used in the title, abstract, or keywords of epidemiological studies published in Australia between the years 2000 and 2019 by the authors. 301 articles in all were found, and 94 of them were used in the analysis. The definitions of CALD that were utilised in the literature showed a large amount of variation, according to the authors. Some studies included anyone born outside of Australia or whose parents were born outside of Australia, for example, in their broad definitions. Other studies made use of more precise definitions based on ethnicity, language spoken, and country of birth. The lack of standardisation in the measuring and reporting of CALD status in the literature was also mentioned by the authors. While some studies used proxy measures like surname analysis or area-level disadvantage, others reported CALD status based on self-reported language proficiency or country of birth.

The health disparities that are experienced by CALD groups have received significant attention from the Australian government, which has resulted in significant progress being made. For instance, the National Health and Medical Research Council has created recommendations for the provision of interpreters in healthcare settings. The goal of these guidelines is to promote access to healthcare for those who have a limited proficiency in the English language. The government has also engaged in health promotion efforts that are culturally appropriate, such as the "Life is Your Best Medicine" campaign, which is directed towards communities of people of African, Asian, and Pacific Islander descent. In addition, the government has launched programmes, such as the Migrant and Refugee Women's Health Partnership, that try to address the social determinants of health for communities of colour and other underserved populations This programme intends to address the social and economic variables, such as access to job, housing, and education, that have an impact on the health and welfare of migrant and refugee women. Nevertheless, significant health disparities still exist for people of CALD backgrounds in Australia, despite the efforts that have been made. For instance, people who speak a CALD language are more likely to have poor mental health, to suffer from a chronic illness, and to experience difficulty gaining access to healthcare services. Additionally, people of CALD backgrounds experience higher rates of poverty and social exclusion, both of which can have a harmful effect on their health and well-being (Filia, K., et al., 2022). In general, there has been progress made in lowering health disparities for CALD populations in Australia; nevertheless, there is still more work to be done to accomplish this goal. It will be essential to continue investing in health promotion programmes and campaigns that are culturally relevant and that target the socioeconomic determinants of health for CALD communities in order to bring about a reduction in health disparities and an improvement in health outcomes for this demographic group (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2022). 

The economic and economic elements that can have an effect on a population's mental health and wellbeing are referred to as the "social determinants of mental health" in CALD populations. Difficulties in communicating due to a limited command of the English language can contribute to social isolation, difficulty in gaining access to healthcare services, and feelings of exclusion, all of which can have a negative influence on mental health. Experiences of discrimination and racism can lead to emotions of stress, worry, and despair, and contribute to a variety of mental health problems. These feelings can be a contributing factor in a variety of mental health issues (The Lote Agency, 2022). The socioeconomic situation of a population is a factor that can have an effect on their mental health. CALD groups may endure social and economic adversity, which may include limited access to education, employment, and housing. Beliefs and practises of a culture Cultural beliefs and practises, such as the stigmatisation of mental health disorders or a preference for traditional healing practises over Western healthcare, can have an effect on the mental health outcomes of CALD communities. Stress associated to immigration and acculturation CALD persons and families may face stress related to the process of migration and adapting to a new cultural and social context, which can have an influence on their mental health. This stress can have a negative effect on CALD individuals and families (Mulicultural Centre for Women’s Health, 2020). Providing culturally and linguistically appropriate mental health services, addressing discrimination and racism, promoting education and employment opportunities, and supporting community integration and social inclusion are all examples of things that can be done as part of an effort to recognise the social factors of mental health in populations of people who speak languages other than English. These approaches have the potential to assist enhance mental health outcomes and minimise mental health inequities in communities that are considered to be CALD.

The mental health outcomes of CALD people in Australia can be impacted by a wide variety of risk and protective variables. A lack of competency in English can result in difficulty in gaining access to healthcare facilities as well as social isolation, both of which can have a severe impact on mental health. Experiences of discrimination and racism can lead to emotions of stress, worry, and despair, and contribute to a variety of mental health problems. These feelings can be a contributing factor in a variety of mental health issues. CALD people may be more likely to experience social and economic disadvantages, such as economically backward, unemployment, and restricted access to education and housing, all of which can increase the risk of mental health issues (Smith, W., at al., 2017). Traditional cultural beliefs and practises, the stigma that surrounds mental health, and a poor awareness or comprehension of Western mental health services can all be hurdles that prevent people from getting treatment when they need it.

Protective factors that are included in CALD populations, having strong social networks and social support systems can provide protection against mental health disorders. Having a solid sense of one's cultural identity can instill a sense of belonging and help one remain resilient in the face of stress and difficult circumstances. Access to services that are culturally suitable Having access to mental health services that are culturally and linguistically appropriate can enhance mental health outcomes. This is accomplished by lowering the obstacles that prevent people from seeking treatment and by offering services that are culturally sensitive. Education and employment: Having access to educational and work possibilities can improve both a person's social and economic standing, which in turn can have a beneficial effect on that person's mental health. Acculturation, or the process of successfully adjusting to a new social and cultural setting, can be beneficial to both an individual's ability to bounce back from adversity and their mental health (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2022). It may be possible to enhance the mental health outcomes of CALD people in Australia with the support of efforts to address the threats and to encourage the protective factors. This can include culturally responsive mental health services, social and economic interventions, and targeted programmes for mental health.

Early intervention methods can involve a variety of ways that attempt to identify mental health concerns and give timely and effective help to CALD populations. These approaches are included in early intervention strategies to support CALD populations. The following are some examples of possible tactics to employ. Services of mental health that are adapted to the cultural and language needs of CALD communities have the potential to improve access to services and remove hurdles that stop people from seeking assistance (Schaffler et al., 2019). This may include hiring staff members who are bilingual, providing materials that have been translated, and providing services in a manner that is culturally appropriate. Engaging with communities that are culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) in order to create trust and rapport, as well as to improve awareness about mental health and accessible services, can assist to reduce stigma and promote early help-seeking. Screening and assessment methods that are sensitive to different cultures and can be modified for use in a variety of languages can aid in the recognition of mental health concerns in CALD populations and encourage early intervention. Providing education on mental health and mental health services can help to enhance awareness and reduce stigma, both of which can promote early help-seeking. This is accomplished through the process of psychoeducation (Mulicultural Centre for Women’s Health, 2020). Partnership with primary care: Working together with primary care services to recognise and assist CALD individuals who are struggling with mental health concerns is one way to help ensure early intervention and access to the right treatments. Providing assistance and education to the family and carers of CALD individuals who are facing with mental well- being issues can help enhance their understanding as well as their ability to support their loved ones, which in turn can promote early intervention and improve mental health outcomes. In general, early intervention measures for culturally and linguistically diverse populations can promote on timeand effectual care for mental health difficulties. This is especially true for CALD populations. These methods can help to enhance mental health outcomes for CALD populations by promoting early help-seeking, reducing stigma, and improving overall mental health.

The population of Australia that is culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) experiences serious health inequities, notably in the area of mental health. Poor mental health outcomes for CALD communities can be caused by the social determinants of mental health, including communication issues, discrimination and racism experiences, financial hardship, cultural beliefs, and stress from migration and acculturation. Even though the Australian government and numerous organisations have made efforts to address these disparities, there is still much that needs to be done to increase access to healthcare that is culturally appropriate, encourage social and economic inclusion, and deal with the underlying issues that lead to mental health inequities in CALD populations. It is possible to achieve improved mental health outcomes and lessen gaps in mental health care by prioritising the social factors of mental health and adopting a holistic approach to healthcare that acknowledges the particular needs and experiences of CALD populations.

References

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