NURS3045 Nursing Context of Practice Primary Health Care Assessment Answer

Introduction

The local region which is chosen is the city of Marion LGA Adelaide region, and the health problem which is detected is obesity. There are several strategies which are designed by the Australian government to prevent obesity and control its number. Obesity is a complex health condition and several measurements need to be adopted to control its side effects. A "National Obesity Strategy '' has been developed, this is a 10-year framework and it is the action taken towards reduction, prevention, and treatment of obesity and overweight in Australia. The primary care initiative which is adapted to control obesity is to take care of diet and physical activity (Keramat et al., 2021). The data from the selected region suggest that males are at higher risk to be overweight when compared to females. The adults in the rural region are at higher risk of obese or being overweight. Adults who are aged 30-49 years and also 50-69 are more likely and at risk are likely to be overweight or obese. In South Australia the obesity rate is high, it has been noted that about 60% of South Australian adults and 25% of children are obese. The major health problem which is presented here is the ways to control obesity and how being overweight affects the health of people (Huse et al., 2018).

The aim and the goal are defined and they will help in reducing the health problem for the targeted group. While developing the goal it is essential to develop it according to the SMART goal. The prevention level will be defined and how it will help to control the condition. In the later part of the proposal health strategies, principles, and partners are designed. Along with it, outcome and evaluation need to be determined. In the later section, reflection is determined and nursing reflection practice should be determined (Avsar et al., 2017).

AIM or GOAL

Since a large number of the Australian population has been diagnosed with obesity and the lifestyle followed is not healthy, the major goal is to control and reduce obesity. The SMART goal which is designed is mentioned as follows.

“Steps required to reduce the rate of obesity in a period of 6 months by controlling diet and physical activity”

Prevention Level

The prevention level which is followed is the tertiary level, in this prevention level all the management techniques which are followed to control the condition are post diagnosis, hence, it requires a large time to show. The primary care initiative which is adopted is taking care of the diet and regular physical activity. This prevention is followed as it helps to manage complex health problems and injuries. Some of these injuries are chronic diseases and in many cases, permanent impairment is followed. Several support groups are present and it allows the members to share their strategies for living adequately (Kroeber et al., 2020).

Following a healthy diet will help to prevent several diseases and it also maintains the smooth functioning of the body. The major cause of obesity is the consumption of excess calories, which are stored in the body in the form of fat. If a person consumes a high amount of energy, mainly in the form of high fat or high sugar, all of this energy cannot be used in physical activity and all the excess energy is stored as fat in the body. There are several diet plans which are present and these plans need to be addressed carefully (Kisling & M Das, 2022). Only the food which is low in carbohydrates and high in protein should be consumed. Similarly, the person needs to be physically active, as it increases the total energy expenditure of the people. This helps them to maintain and reserve energy balance. If the person is in a calorie deficit and is involved in physical activity there are high chances of losing weight. Regular physical activity decreases the fat present around the waist and also the total body, hence abdominal obesity is decreased. Certain conditions lead to the development of obesity and these are high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, and stroke (Martins et al., 2018).

Since precautions to prevent or control obesity are not taken from the start hence, this is the best prevention level and the most effective. Following physical activity the lean body mass is increased, energy expenditure is also increased and along with it energy uptake and appetite are also controlled. There are several reasons which might lead to obesity however, the four major causes are lack of exercise, diet, genetics, and environmental factors (Prasad et al., 2021).

Health Strategies, Partners, and Principles

There are several healthcare strategies, principles and partners developed, to control the healthcare problem which is present, in this case, obesity. This section will explain a minimum of 5 or more 5 primary healthcare initiative strategies that need to be adopted to control obesity and bring it to a normal level.

The first and the most effective initiative which needs to be adopted to control obesity is eating a healthy diet. The food choices which a person is opting for should be healthy and they should include vegetables, fruits, whole grains, protein sources, and healthy fat. All the unhealthy food which is consumed should be limited. Along with this, physical activity needs to be controlled and television time should be limited. When healthy food is consumed there are several changes a body undergoes, all these changes should be understood and it should be acted on. The patient should be provided nutrition education, they should be well-aware of the food they are consuming and the effect that food will have on the person (Marques et al., 2018).

Another important initiative is to be involved in physical activity, following physical activity will help to control weight and also help to maintain cardiovascular health. Several partners work together to ensure regular physical activity is followed. The doctor taking care of the patient should ensure regular physical activity should be followed. A fitness coach should be present who will assist the patient so they are involved in regular physical activity. Cardiovascular strength is of high importance, as it will help to maintain the health of the heart. Coordination should be established between the team so care can be provided from every aspect. Several principles are aligned to maintain the health of the people. Social support should be provided to the patient so they are encouraged to be involved in physical activity (Fornari et al., 2021).

The next strategy which can be adopted is: raising awareness among the people, there should be seminars and educational programs established so that the people can become aware. With the education of the people, awareness is also spread, as awareness is spread people can actively be involved by themselves in the care process. The people should be provided with more high-quality physical education. In addition to it, physical activity should be promoted and people should be encouraged to participate in it. With adequate education people themselves make healthier choices (Weihrauch-Blüher et al., 2018). They have an idea that unhealthy food should be limited and instead more healthy choices should be made. People will understand the importance of diet, hence, they will be more mindful of their choice. The hospital management plays an important role in this, they are the ones who understand the importance of diet and why it should be followed. There are several principles revolving around it, awareness is highly important as it opens the scope of several things (Leme et al., 2020).

The involvement of family members is also an essential part of a strategy to prevent obesity. The family members are well aware of the eating habits and different steps which are involved in the development of obesity. Other than this, as the patients are close to their family, there is a high chance they will be influenced by the family members. However, this cannot be applied to any other segment. Family members have different levels of bonding hence, the results which they display are also different (Lambrinou et al., 2020). The family members can greatly influence the eating pattern, they can set a healthy eating pattern, and that eating pattern needs to be followed. Sleep routine is also important, as a consistent sleep routine also helps to maintain weight. The involvement of family members helps in the establishment of a consistent sleep routine. All the screen time which is present should be replaced with family time. It is presented with several benefits such as family bonding being improved and a clearer perspective is also gained (Pamungkas et al., 2019).

References

Avsar, G., Ham, R., & Tannous, W.K. (2017). Factors influencing the incidence of obesity in Australia: A generalized ordered probit model. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health , 14 (2), 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020177

Fornari, E., Brusati, M., & Maffeis, C. (2021). Nutritional strategies for childhood obesity prevention. Life (Basel, Switzerland) , 11 (6), 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060532

Huse, O., Hettiarachchi, J., Gearon, E., Nichols, M., Allender, S., & Peeters, A. (2018). Obesity in Australia. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice , 12 (1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2017.10.002

Keramat, S.A., Alam, K., Al-Hanawi, M.K., Gow, J., Biddle, S. J.H., & Hashmi, R. (2021). Trends in the prevalence of adult overweight and obesity in Australia, and its association with geographic remoteness. Scientific Reports , 11 (1), 11320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90750-1

Kisling, L.A., & M Das, J. (2022). Prevention strategies. In StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing.

Kroeber, E.S., Adam, L., Addissie, A., Bauer, A., Frese, T., Kantelhardt, E.J., & Unverzagt, S. (2020). Protocol for a systematic review on tertiary prevention interventions for patients with stroke in African countries. BMJ Open , 10 (9), e038459. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038459

Lambrinou, C. P., Androutsos, O., Karaglani, E., Cardon, G., Huys, N., Wikström, K., Kivelä, J., Ko, W., Karuranga, E., Tsochev, K., Iotova, V., Dimova, R., De Miguel-Etayo, P., M González-Gil, E., Tamás, H., Jancsó, Z., Liatis, S., Makrilakis, K., Manios, Y., & Feel4Diabetes-study group (2020). Effective strategies for childhood obesity prevention via school based, family involved interventions: A critical review for the development of the Feel4Diabetes-study school based component. BMC Endocrine Disorders , 20 (2), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-020-0526-5

Leme, A. C.B., Haines, J., Tang, L., Dunker, K. L. L., Philippi, S.T., Fisberg, M., Ferrari, G.L., & Fisberg, R.M. (2020). Impact of strategies for preventing obesity and risk factors for eating disorders among adolescents: A systematic review. Nutrients , 12 (10), 3134. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103134

Marques, E.S., Leite, T.H., Azeredo, C.M., Cunha, D.B., & Verly Júnior, E. (2018). Effective strategies for prevention, control, and treatment of obesity in primary health care setting for adolescents, adults, and elderly people: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine , 97 (22), e10925. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010925

Martins, C., Godycki-Cwirko, M., Heleno, B., & Brodersen, J. (2018). Quaternary prevention: reviewing the concept. The European Journal of General Practice , 24 (1), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1422177

Pamungkas, R.A., & Chamroonsawasdi, K. (2019). Home-based interventions to treat and prevent childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) , 9 (4), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9040038

Prasad K. (2021). Current status of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of coronary artery disease. The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc , 30 (3), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731273

Weihrauch-Blüher, S., Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Graf, C., Widhalm, K., Korsten-Reck, U., Jödicke, B., Markert, J., Müller, M. J., Moss, A., Wabitsch, M., & Wiegand, S. (2018). Current guidelines for obesity prevention in childhood and adolescence. Obesity Facts , 11 (3), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486512

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