PUBH-6600: Leading Health Indicators Healthy People 2030 Assignment Sample

Subject Code : PUBH-6600
University : university of new haven Gradesaviours is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university.
Subject Name : Medical Science

Introduction

The Leading Health Indicators (LHI) is a small subset of high-priority Healthy People 2030 and the objectives are selected to drive action towards improving the well-being and the health of the people. When it is seen collectively, then the life span is included in the objective area. Most of the LHI address the important factors which might impact some major reason of disease and death in the United States. It helps the communities, organizations, and states among all the nation to focus on the resources and efforts. This will help to improve the well-being and the health of the people. Several components need to be taken care of while improving health, and all these components are essential (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2023).

There are two communities which are chosen for this research, and these two communities which are chosen are: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, this will help in providing adequate resources and it helps in effectively aligning the resources (O'Brien et al., 2022). It is a literature review, and analysis of the literature is done effectively, explanation is provided for data collection and analysis, it is a highly hectic process and it requires several small details. In the later part of the literature review several interventions and development techniques and strategies are present and these interventions are highly effective and aid in improving the condition.

Data Collection and Analysis

One Leading Health Indicator and Two Demographic Groups

One of the leading health indicators which will be discussed in this section is the life expectancy rate. It is by defination the average number of years a newborn which is expected to live if the death rate which is already constant. Life expectancy is mainly based on the estimate of the average age of the members of a population group when they will die. Life expectancy rate at birth is among the most frequently used health status indicators because it provides ideas about several important things which are necessary. It is very commonly and frequently used as an important indicator of health status (Galvani-Townsend et al., 2021). If life expectancy at the time of birth is gained, then it is attributed to several factors, and all of these factors are mentioned below. The living standards are high, and lifestyle is improved along with better education, along with it, it also ensures that great access to quality health service is provided. When the life expectancy rate is not controlled, it affects the treatment and the health care services, hence, investment in the health care sector is also affected (Woolf, S.H., & Schoomaker, 2019).

The life expectancy rate of the ATSI males who are born in 2015-17 is expected to live about 71.6 years. While on the other hand, females are expected to live for 75.6 years. However, when this data is compared to indigenous males and females it is 80.2 years and 83 years respectively. When the mean difference is been calculated it has been estimated to be around 13.8 years in males and 14 years in females. This gap is present and needs to be bridged and effective work should be done in that direction. The major reason for the low life expectancy rate is that the healthcare facilities which are present are not easily accessible to all people, and several people do not have access to these facilities (Aburto et al., 2020).

Over some time from 2006-2018, there is a progress of about 10% in the Indigenous age-standardized mortality rate. However, one important thing to note down here is that the non-indigenous mortality rate has also improved at a similar rate, hence, it can be easily stated that the gap between the two has not been narrowed, and it has not been bridged. It has also been noted that since the year 2006, there has been progress in the indigenous mortality rate due to circulatory diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke (Woolf et al., 2022). The target to work on the life expectancy by 2031 is not on track, hence, work needs to be done towards it. When this data is studied by territories and states, different trends are noticed. In the year 2015-17, the indigenous life expectancy was observed to be highest in Queensland, where for males it is 72 years and for females is 76 years. However, the lowest is in Northern Territory where for males it is 66 years, and for females is 69 years (Lichtenberg, 2022).

Life expectancy is also affected by remoteness, the indigenous Australians who are residing in remote Australia are far lower than those who are residing in urban areas. In the year between 2015-17, the life expectancy for indigenous males who are residing in remote or very remote areas combined is lower by about 6 years. This gap is huge hence, it needs to be worked on.

The Importance of the Topic from Public Health Point of View

Life expectancy rate is often the measure that is used to gauge the overall health of the community. Life expectancy rate is mainly the measure of mortality and how it is essential. In addition to it, it also allows us to study or extrapolate the living conditions which are present in general. One should not forget that life expectancy will only lengthen if there is a reduction in the mortality rate, this will allow the people to live. There are several factors present which plays a vital role in reducing life expectancy and some of these factors are mentioned below. If the person is having too little or too much sleep, if there are long sitting hours, if the person is not socializing enough, if they are worrying about things too much. All these things contribute greatly to the life expectancy rate (Cabaj et al., 2019).

Expansion in life expectancy is the result of several things such as improvement in health, and nutrition, and other than that the mortality rate is decreased. Several socioeconomic development factors plays a vital role in the development of a career (Ribeiro, 2018).

Intervention Critique and Development

Since this literature review is about the life expectancy rate, several interventions are developed and all these interventions are developed to expand the life expectancy rate. The most important intervention is to work towards the lifestyle, when work is towards lifestyle it helps to increase both the lifespan and healthspan. Certain interventions need to be followed and these are caloric restriction, regular physical activity, and intermittent fasting. A healthy lifestyle is highly important, it will help in improving every aspect of life. Exercise is necessary, when a person is involved in physical activity it will improve their cardiovascular strength. When cardiovascular health is improved, the overall health is also improved. Tobacco and smoking should be avoided, as this leads to a negative impact on health (Gonzalez-Freire et al., 2019).

Along with this, regular medical checkup is highly important, this will help to identify any abnormality in the health condition. When any abnormality in the health condition is identified at an early stage then interventions are also adopted at an early stage. Early intervention reduces the level of complication at a much early stage. Improved medical care increases the chance of survival rate, as any medical attention which is provided can be provided immediately. With improvement in life expectancy, the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD), is also decreased, and the burden is decreased, along with it, several other factors play important roles, these are: age and frequency of getting affected by disease (Ilyas et al., 2017). In several cases, mental health is also affected, it is a very common problem and it affects the life expectancy rate. Along with this, nutrition and food also play a vital role, it will help in improving the lifestyle. A diet that is rich in vegetables, fruits, lean meat, and whole grains is known to increase longevity. In addition to it, the lifespan is also increased. Consumption of healthy food helps in the prevention of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. If all these conditions are controlled it will help in premature death. However, if the person is already suffering from this condition, eating healthy will improve the condition significantly (Kaplan & Milstein, 2019).

As public health professional, several ways can be adopted to teach people so they can adopt the interventions which are mentioned above. Public education is highly important, when people are educated about how to maintain their health, then early interventions can be adopted. Early interventions are highly effective, as it reduces the complications to a great extent. Patient education helps the patient to educate themselves and in addition to it, it also allows the person to take care of their health. The physicians should spend more and more time with the patient, this will help to increase the interaction with the people, this interaction is highly important as it will help to understand the patient's situation. With patient education, they can monitor and evaluate their performance (Gamage et al., 2020). In addition to it, they can provide insight into the interventions which have been implemented. There is active and positive engagement in life, it also takes care of emotional well-being. Patient compliance and outcome are improved to a large extent. If the patient understands the care process they will be able to make more informed decisions and the care plan is also improved. Patient education aids the providers to inform and remind the patient about the proper ways to self-manage the care and avoid any kind of nonessential readmission. Tailored patient education is likely to improve the health outcome (Dregan et al., 2020).

With health care professionals there are several ways which will improve health outcomes. Several ways can be used to reduce medical errors and improve patient safety. Telehealth is highly important and other technologies are present. There are several chronic diseases present, and all these chronic diseases should be managed carefully. The continuity of care which is provided should be maintained. This will ensure adequate and proper care. The health care provider can communicate effectively with the patient, it is highly important as it will improve the health care outcome. Communication helps to establish a rapport and it will improve the health care outcome (Blagosklonny, 2021).

To develop an effective intervention there are a series of steps which need to be followed, all these steps are highly important and necessary. There are mainly 6 steps that need to be followed and these are: it is important to understand the problem, and after recognition of the problem any modifiable cause needs to be identified. The next step is to decide the mechanism of change, now moving on to the next step all the delivery steps need to be identified, then in the next step adoption of intervention is highly important. In the last step, evidence of effectiveness needs to be identified. All these steps are highly important and they should be understood (Besnier et al., 2019).

Conclusion

The Leading Health Indicators (LHI) is by defination as the small set of high- level priority Healthy People 2030 and the objectives are selected so as to drive action towards improving the well-being and the health of the people. It is done collectively and it helps to increase the life span which is included in the objective area. The community which is chosen is the ATSI community, there is a huge difference between both these segments of society. The life expectancy rate of the ATSI males and females has been mentioned here, the males who are born in 2015-17 are expected to live about 71.6 years, and on the other hand, females are expected to live for 75.6 years. However, when this data is compared to indigenous males and females it is 80.2 years and 83 years respectively, hence huge discrepancy has been observed. Several interventions are adopted and these are work towards the lifestyle, regular medical checkups, regular physical activity, and taking care of mental health.

References

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Besnier, E., Thomson, K., Stonkute, D., Mohammad, T., Akhter, N., Todd, A., Jensen, M. R., Kilvik, A., & Bambra, C. (2019). Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): Protocol for an umbrella review. BMJ Open, 9(12), e032981. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032981

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