TITLE PICOT Study and Evidence Based Practice Assignment Answers

Subject Name : Nursing

TITLE PICOT Study and EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
PICOT Study
The fundamental aspect of any research study is resolving a certain problem identified by the researcher. PICOT comprises of a certain framework that is used by the researcher for the formulation of research questions. This specific format also helps the summerization of the research questions which can be further utilised for defining the impact of proposed therapy relevant to the researcheraposs problem (Meyer, 2017). The formed PICOT questions consist of defined formula for the development of researchable and answerable questions. Moreover, the development of specific questions allows the researcher to process the findings and evaluating evidence more goal-oriented (Elias, 2015). The PICOT is actually an acronym that stands for the following
Population (P) This is referred to the total number of the population or the patient, their age, gender, ethnicity, an individuality that is relevant to the research purpose. Defining of the population is a crucial aspect of the research study as intervention is interdependent on it. This also helps in generalisation of the specific patient who would further get involved in the clinical practice (Lira, 2019).
Intervention (I) Intervention also can be referred to as indicator refers to the exposure period for the disease, various risk behaviours, and the prognostic factors.
Comparison (C) The comparison or control could be placebo. The comparative analysis usually occurs between the presence of non-disease condition or absence of the risk factor among the target population. Thus the comparison allows determination of impact on the proposed interventions.
Outcomes (O) the outcome of the disease is associated with the risk of the disease, accuracy of the diagnostic test, the rate of the occurrence due to the adverse outcome of the disease.
Time Frame (T) This is the specific time required for the interventions that could be used to achieve the outcome. This also defines the specific period for observation of the target population (Echevarria, 2015).

PICOT Question

How to determine the impacts of music therapy on relieving pain among postoperative patients in comparison to other used pharmacological interventions

Population Post-operative patients
Intervention Music therapy
Comparison Other pharmacological intervention
Outcome Relieving of pain

TWO RELEVANT DATABASES
The information was available in several databases, which provided credible information associated with the research question. However, the two specific databases finalized for selecting the above PICOT question includes Medline and CINAHL.

CHOSEN DATABASES
The specific articles selected are done on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, PRISMA, that used Boolean operators. The Boolean operators are used for inserting the specific search terms that are related to the PICOT questions. PRISMA is referred to as an evidence-based set of items that are used for reporting in systematic review or meta-analysis (Fain, 2017). PRISMA basically focuses on reporting the reviews that are used for evaluation of the randomised trials or based on reporting of other systematic reviews for determination of evaluation of the proposed interventions (Goldstein, 2017). The inclusion criteria are the predefined characteristic by the researcher that specifies the identical subjects to be included in the research study. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria determine the characteristic of the study which must be excluded from the selected articles. This also helps in rejection of the irrelevant articles.
Boolean operator basically provides the idea of establishing the connection between the search terms to be used in the research study. This operator narrows the search results and widens the relevant research. The three Boolean operators used for inserting the search terms include quotANDquot, quotORquot, and quotNOTquot (Walters, 2018). In this research study, the Boolean operator is used for the research purpose of the articles which is relevant for the pain management on post-operative patients in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU).
The most significant way of developing of PICOT result is by using keywords in the study. For example, the keywords that could be used in this case include quotPost-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), music therapyquot, quotpharmacological interventionsquot, quotpain relief, etc. The specific and simple keywords that are relevant to the research question help in exploring the database and obtaining the desired evidence. Thus this is one of the most appropriate methods for finding the relevant evidence. PRISMA used in this study is an effective approach for obtaining relevant information from the vast range of the studies. Moreover, this also helps in the reduction of the duplication of results that is required for completing the research question.

Search Strategy
Database selected (CINAHL)

Inclusion Criteria
Articles published in the English language

The recent article published within 5 years i.e. 2015 to present

The articles in which the impacts of music therapy has been analyzed for the purpose of pain releief

The articles were the non-pharmachological intervention i.e. music therapy is used in case of post-operative patients

The articles where the comparitive study has been done on determining the effect of music therapy and other pharmachological interventions

Exclusion Criteria
The articles published in any other launguage except English

Articles published before 2015

The articles were the study related to impact of music therapy is not involved

The clinical studies that have not been carried out on post-operative patient

Boolean Operators
AND
OR
NOT
Boolean Operators and the combination of Keywords
Pain management AND Music Therapy
Music Therapy AND Postoperative pain management
Post-anesthesia care unit AND music therapy
Music therapy OR Pharmacological intervention
Non pharmacological intervention OR pharmacological intervention
Post-anesthesia care unit AND pain management
Music therapy NOT medicinal therapy

41440106130925Full-text articles
(n32)
Full-text articles
(n32)
19754856956425Studies included in qualitative study
n8
Studies included in qualitative study
n8
2432685-98425 PRISMA
PRISMA
144145-3486152697480459740026752556292215374586557962803679825409511525241253145790226568014522453155955447030Included
Included
2952753675380Eligibility
Eligibility
3054351998980Screening
Screening
30543526035Identification
Identification
20320005013325Full-text articles assessed for eligibility(n 40 )
Full-text articles assessed for eligibility(n 40 )
40874954114165Records excluded(n 35 )
Records excluded(n 35 )
19577053625215Records screened(n 85 )
Records screened(n 85 )
17418051909445Records after duplicates removed (n 85)
Records after duplicates removed (n 85)
3328035310515Additional records identified through other sources(n 08 )
Additional records identified through other sources(n 08 )
1007745310515Records identified through CINAHL and Medline(n 120 )
Records identified through CINAHL and Medline(n 120 )
32391351101090
Refrences
Echevarria, I. M., amp Walker, S. (2015). Start with a PICOT question to make your case. Nursing2018 Critical Care, 10(3), 14-16.

Elias, B. L., Polancich, S., Jones, C., amp Convoy, S. (2015). Evolving the PICOT method for the digital age The PICOT-D. Journal of Nursing Education, 54(10), 594-599.

Fain, J. A. (2017). Reading, understanding, and applying nursing research. FA Davis.

Goldstein, R. R., Kiboi, A. W., Bell, K. A. M., amp Hardison, L. N. (2017). A Collaborative Approach to Educating Evidence-Based Practice Among BSN Students and Rural Hospital Nurses.

Gupta, D., amp Berberich, K. (2019). Structured Search in Annotated Document Collections. In Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (pp. 794-797). ACM.

Lira, R. P. C., amp Rocha, E. M. (2019). PICOT Imprescriptible items in a clinical research question. Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia, 82(2), 1-1.

Meyer, M. N. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice Success of Practice Change Depends on the Question. Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Foundations, Skills, and Roles.
Walters, B. C. (2018). Commentary Writing a Clinical Research Question. Neurosurgery, 84(1), 17-18.