Cash budget of XYZ Pty Ltd for July to December
Cash Budget (Amounts in $) |
||||||
Particulars |
July |
August |
September |
October |
November |
December |
Opening balance |
10000 |
4500 |
-4800 |
-32300 |
-79300 |
40900 |
Cash from sales in the same month |
42000 |
60000 |
80000 |
100000 |
68000 |
40000 |
Cash from sales in month after sale |
88000 |
115500 |
165000 |
220000 |
275000 |
187000 |
Cash from sales in second month after sale |
37500 |
40000 |
52500 |
75000 |
100000 |
125000 |
Total cash from sales |
167500 |
215500 |
297500 |
395000 |
443000 |
352000 |
Total cash available for use |
177500 |
220000 |
292700 |
362700 |
363700 |
392900 |
Expenses: Labour and materials |
||||||
Expenses in the same month |
88200 |
126000 |
168000 |
210000 |
142800 |
84000 |
Expenses in the following month |
44800 |
58800 |
84000 |
112000 |
140000 |
95200 |
Total labour and material expenses |
133000 |
184800 |
252000 |
322000 |
282800 |
179200 |
Other budgeted expenses: |
||||||
Selling, general and administration expenses |
30000 |
30000 |
30000 |
30000 |
30000 |
30000 |
Rent |
10000 |
10000 |
10000 |
10000 |
10000 |
10000 |
Taxation payments |
33000 |
33000 |
||||
Payment for motor vehicles |
80000 |
|||||
Total cash disbursements |
173000 |
224800 |
325000 |
442000 |
322800 |
252200 |
Ending cash balance |
4500 |
-4800 |
-32300 |
-79300 |
40900 |
140700 |
Debt financing will help the firm in achieving required amount of funds for day to day functioning of the business processes and also help in avoiding cash shortfalls. By using debt financing, the ownership interest of the owner would not get diluted in the company. The company only has to repay the amount of principal at the time of maturity along with interest at the regular intervals of time (De Ressenfosse & Fischer, 2016). Also, the lender would not have any direct claim with regard to future profits of the business. The amount of interest can be effectively deducted from the tax return of the company and thus, lower down the actual cost of the loan acquired by the corporation. Moreover, it is considered that raising of funds with the help of debt is less complex as the corporation is not required to duly comply with federal and state securities laws and regulations (Dempsey, 2017). Therefore, it is highly recommended for XYZ Pty Ltd to acquire funds with the help of debt financing as this the company would be requiring to send mails on periodic basis to large number of investors and don’t have to seek their votes before undertaking any particular action.
Variance analysis (Amounts in $) |
|||||
Particulars |
Budgeted |
Actual |
Variance |
Favourable or unfavourable |
Variance (%) |
Sales (WCDs) |
800 |
760 |
-40 |
Unfavourable |
-5% |
Sales revenue |
32000 |
30400 |
-1600 |
Unfavourable |
-5% |
Expenses: |
|||||
Supplies |
1600 |
2000 |
-400 |
Unfavourable |
-25% |
Labour |
16000 |
16000 |
0 |
Favourable |
0% |
Variable utilities |
1600 |
1520 |
80 |
Favourable |
5% |
Fixed overheads |
9000 |
9000 |
0 |
Favourable |
0% |
Total expenses: |
28200 |
28520 |
-320 |
Unfavourable |
-1% |
Profit/ (loss) |
3800 |
1880 |
-1920 |
Unfavourable |
-51% |
To assist the Managing Director of ABC Pty Ltd in controlling the business, briefly interpret and provide possible explanations for the variances. This part will be a maximum of 200 words.
Variance analysis helps in evaluating the difference between actual and budgeted results through which overall performance of a company can be analysed for a particular reporting period (Marzlin & Ismail, 2019). For ABC Pty Ltd., the sales revenue has indicated an unfavourable variance of $1600 as there is less units of the product sold by the firm in comparison to budgeted units of 800. With regard to expenses, supplies have indicated an unfavourable variance of $400 as only amount of $1600 were budgeted with regard to supplies expense and in actual, $2000 has been incurred. Overall profits have indicated an unfavourable variance of $1920 as it has been projected that the company will earn a profit of $3800 and in actual, it earned profit of only $1880. The company is required to undertake suitable measures to boost up its sales in order to raise its revenue. For that, it can opt for effective advertising activities and formulate various discount offers and schemes in order to attract large number of customers. Moreover, it also requires to minimise its expenses in order to raise its profitability and overall performance.
A company requires funds to carry out its day to day operations in a smoothly manner. With regard to debt, the company would be liable to pay off interest expenses at regular intervals of time along with the repayment of principal amount at the time of maturity. Whereas, in case of equity, the corporations have to pay dividends to the shareholders out of the earned profits for their ownership stake in the company (Milewska, 2020). Being a start up company, LMN Pty Ltd. can opt for a mix of both debt financing and equity financing as this would help in achieving better control of its business operations. Debt is considered as the less risky source of finance and its payments are usually tax deductible. Cost of debt is generally lower than cost of equity. However, there are some disadvantages of debt financing. The company is liable to pay the interest expense irrespective of the amount of revenue and profits. On the other hand, there is no such obligation in case of equity financing. The firm is liable to pay dividends only in case of adequate amount of profits (Magnanelli & Izzo, 2017). However, in order to keep the shareholders intact to the company’s ownership, the company must generate consistent amount of profits to provide the shareholders with the expected returns. Therefore, it can be claimed that the adequate proportion of both debt and equity will help LMN Pty Ltd. in raising funds for the start-up business.
De Rassenfosse, G., & Fischer, T. (2016). Venture debt financing: Determinants of the lending decision. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 10(3), 235-256.
Dempsey, M. J. (2017). Stock markets and corporate finance. World Scientific Publishing Company.
Magnanelli, B. S., & Izzo, M. F. (2017). Corporate social performance and cost of debt: the relationship. Social Responsibility Journal.
Marzlin Marzuki, N. A. R., & Ismail, J. (2019). Benefits and limitations of variance analysis in management accounting. ACCOUNTING BULLETIN, 15.
Milewska, A. (2020). Entities Performing Self-Government Public Tasks-Specificity of Acting and Funding. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie. Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, (23 (72)), 146-155.
Remember, at the center of any academic work, lies clarity and evidence. Should you need further assistance, do look up to our Accounting and Finance Assignment Help
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