Wicked Problems Assessment Answers

Subject Name : Other Subjects

Answer 1
Wicked problems refers to problems that seem without a solution. It is difficult to define, has many factors at interplay and may involve many stakeholders. The main wicked problem of Tasmania is their culture. The population is Aboriginal and remained isolated from the mainland for long. As a result, development and economy is not advanced. Population has accepted very recently education as a part of their culture.
Geography of Tasmania poses inherent wicked problems. Climate change threats the habitable area of the islands and their biodiversity. This can affect the population by limiting their food resources and livelihood. McLean, George, lerodiaconou, Kirkwood and Arnould (2018) found that the rising sea levels and increased sea temperature can hamper the population of Australian fur seals.
A continuous underperformance of Tasmanian health system is another wicked problem. It has poor public health service indictors like high adverse events, long waiting time for elective surgery and so forth (Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmanian Government, n.d.). Inefficient public health system greatly hampers the quality of life of people. It may lead to impairments, deaths and psychological damage of people.
Tasmania, being an island, has been isolated and resource dependent on main land. Historically, it has been a weak economy. Thus, there has been a need for development. Nonetheless, the development has ignored environment protection (Stratford 2008). Unsustainable development will severely impact the population by destroying natural resources, causing pollution and creating health problems.
The research themes at University of Tasmania are Environment, resources and sustainability, better health, creativity, culture and society, marine, Antarctic and Maritime, and data, knowledge and decisions. The research is focused on the wicked global issues faced by the island. For instance, the sustainable practices of development are being investigated in different sectors of the economy. May (2017) identified the issues in the tourism of Tasmania. The State has focused on economic gains through tourism that have been exploitative for the pristine natural environment. Global issue of climate change and specially its effect on Marine diversity is been tackled by the University research. This is imperative to Tasmania as rising global temperature have already started impacting the marine life around the region.
Answer 2
Entrepreneurship and innovation contribute to economic growth of a country, create employment, increase exports and generate infrastructure. The role of entrepreneurship and innovation may vary between developed and developing nations. It is known that the entrepreneurial intentions are greater in developing countries than developed countries (lakovleva, Kolvereid and Stephan 2011). In the developed countries, people start businesses depending on the economic environment and their own risk-perceiving behaviours. However, in developing countries, entrepreneurship is pursued due to lack of jobs.
In developing countries, entrepreneurship does not cause a significant economic gain as compared to developed countries. This is because entrepreneurship is more of a last resort for career than a willing choice in these countries (Polin and Golla 2016). Another reason is that developed countries provide institutional support to entrepreneurs, which is amiss in developing countries.
Developing countries follow incremental innovation, while developed countries follow radical innovation. This is because the advanced economies have rigorous competition and saturation of product possibility curve. Innovation in the developing countries is mirroring technological developments already achieved in the developed countries.
According to World Bank (Ventura 2016), developed countries rank highest in Ease of Doing Business Index. In developing countries, as the business policies are not streamlined, thus, entrepreneurship and innovation are restricted. However, entrepreneurship and innovation are easier in developed countries.
Entrepreneurship and innovation have flourished in some countries. This can be attributed to many factors. Training is important to learn any subject. These countries have invested majorly in skill development of entrepreneurs. Institutional framework supporting entrepreneurship and innovation are set up in these countries. In addition, these countries provide for easy, flexible, and efficient policies for start ups. The attitude and behaviour inherent in a countrys population is a driver for entrepreneurship and innovation. Creative people with willingness to take risk and trust strangers are bound to be successful entrepreneurs.
Australia has high rate of entrepreneurship. There are many start-ups but they do not grow drastically. In addition, currently entrepreneurship is not innovation driven. There is a need for innovative entrepreneurs in Australia to cause capital gains thereby uplift economy significantly.
Answer 3.
In the beginning, a business should be prepared with a complete strategic analysis of competitors, market trends and growth, and effective marketing plan. When a product is launched in the market, it faces competition from similar products. An industry goes through different growth phases. At a specific point in time, it may be flourishing, stagnant, or declining. Before introduction of a new product or service in the market, manufacturer should be aware on the market trends. It is best to launch a product or service when the industry is in initiation or growth phase.
In 1980, Michael Porter described five forces that come into play in shaping an industry. It signifies the basis of competition and reasons for profitability within a country (Dobbs 2014). The five forces described by Porter are
Competition in the industry
Potential of new entrants into the industry
Power of suppliers
Power of customers
Threat of substitute products
In this case study, the macro environment trends are being analysed for a new elderberry juice Santa to be launched in the USA for all ages in different departmental stores. Elderberry juice provides health benefits and belongs to the nutraceuticals industry.
Competition in the industry
Presently, people are not much aware of health benefits associated with elderberry. In addition, it has been used mostly to produce wines, jams, and jellies in the past. Elderberry has been rarely used as a nutraceutical. Therefore, elderberry juice nutraceutical is a novel product. When a novel product enters the market, it piques curiosity of the consumer. Absence of brands manufacturing elderberry juice nutraceutical ensures that the product will not be faced by steep market competition. Competition to the brand has to be evaluated by other elderberry juices brands and other nutraceuticals as well. The product will have to ensure characteristics that maintain brand loyalty even in comparison to other nutraceuticals.
Power of suppliers
Supply of elderberries forms a major bottleneck for the product. Originally, Oregon was a major producer of elderberries, but the production withered away. Localised elderberry farms cannot fulfil the raw material demand. Agro forestry can be developed for elderberry production however, this may be done once product market is established. Thus, the only route to procure berries is imports. Berries will have to be imported from Europe, North Africa, Scandinavia, and Great Britain (Silva, Ferreira and Nunes 2017). This implies that the import policy of country will have a direct impact on the supply of the berries. The price of the juice will increase. In addition, any eventuality in the international relations can disrupt the supply chain.
As per the industry analysis, Santa is a unique product that will have less competition. Therefore, it can be introduced to the market as a premium product with little high than average price range. However, the profitability might be offset by the import duty required to procure the raw material or delays in the supply chain.

References
Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmanian Government. n.d. Rebuilding Tasmanias health system. https//www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/170565/Rebuilding_Tasmanias_Health_System_-_Issues_Paper.pdf
Dobbs, M. E. 2014. Guidelines for applying Porters five forces framework a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review. 24(1), pp. 32-45.
lakovleva, T.M. Kolvereid, L. and Stephan, U. 2011. Entrepreneurial intentions in developing and developed countries. Education Training, 53(5), pp. 353-370.
McLean, L. J., George, S., leirodiaconou, D., Kirkwood, R. J. amp Arnould, J. P. Y. 2018. Impact of rising sea levels on Australian fur seals. PeerJ, doi10.7717/peerj.5786
Polin, B. and Golla, S. 2016. Entrepreneurship in developed and developing nations contrasting the entrepreneurs and their contributions. https//ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/3305685.html
Silva, P., Ferrerira, S. and Nunes, F. M. 2017. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) by-products a source of anthocyanins and antioxidant polyphenols. Industrial Crops and Products, 95, pp. 227-234.
Stratford, E. 2008. Islandness and struggles over development a Tasmanian case study. Political Geography, 27, pp. 160-175.
Ventura, L. 2016. Developing countries ease doing business. https//www.gfmag.com/magazine/december-2016/more-countries-adopt-reforms-boost-buisness