Qualitative and Quantitative Case Study Answers

Qualitative and quantitative study

Guided questions Answer Template (Please do not Remove the questions)

Guided Question Qualitative Study Quantitative Study

Aim andSignificance (5 marks 200 words) a. What was the aimand significance ofthe study The aim of the qualitative study is to explore the experiences of the nurses and their perspective on preventing the medication errors at the administration phase.

The significance of this qualitative study is that it talks about the various nurses experiences on medication errors during the administration phase and their perception on preventing them will help to form the safer practices. In order to reduce these errors, there is a requirement of better and safer practices for the nurses. Their experiences will help in tailoring and implementing the safer practices that will reduce the medication errors in the administration phase. The aim of the quantitative study is to investigate the interconnection between the relationships and safe medication practice and the support of workplace among graduate nurses.

The significance of this quantitative study is that it would help the recent graduate nurses who are at higher risk of medication errors with the knowledge of how better workplace and relationships have the positive impact on reducing the medication errors. Though there is a lot of awareness regarding the benefits of positive workplace environment still a lot of recent graduate nurses may find difficulty in reducing the medication errors. The recent graduate nurses will be able to implement and ping about the positive outcomes of reduced errors in medication.

Methods (10 marks 700 words)

a. Identify theresearch design used in the study and was it appropriate for the issue discussed

The research design used in this qualitative study is the exploratory research design. The issue discussed is the medication errors that are made by the nurses in the administration phase. The aim is to tailor and implement improved safety practices that are based on the nurses experiences and their perception. This is the primary research method. The exploratory research design and the descriptive research design was used in this quantitative study. This design kind gives the chance to investigate and use many new measures and develop the operational and conceptual understandings of the interest variables. This is the primary research method. The first stage of the study is the descriptive one where description of medication error is explained.

b. Discuss the sampling technique, inclusion and exclusion criteria used for the selection of sample in the study

The purposive sampling technique was used for this qualitative study and the nurses were randomly selected. Randomly, nursing managers and nursing ward managers in an academic medical centre were approached by e-mail for participation. Then snowball sampling for other departmental nurses was used until the saturation was reached. In total, 20 nurses were approached for the participation in the interview.

The inclusion criteria was that all the nurses participating must be registered nurses. Any nurse who is not a registered nurse was not allowed to participate as a selection of sample in the study. By an e-mail, all the nurses were explained and the anonymous selection was guaranteed and the chances to refrain from the process at any time were explained. The sampling technique used is random. The random sampling enables the non-biased selection that cuts shorts the larger population into smaller one and the and there is an accuracy of representation (McLeod, 2014). The participants were recruited through recent graduate nurses databases from three Australian university schools of nursing. The inclusion criteria for the participation in this study is that nurses are required to fit in the description of recent graduate, that is defined as a RN who is in the process of completing a nursing degree and is in the first 18-24 months of the clinical practice. The nurses who were not the graduate nurses and are not in their first 18-24 months of clinical practice were not allowed to participate for the process of study.

c. Explore the data collection method and its appropriateness to the research design of the study

The data collection method used for this qualitative study is the semi-structured interview. The semi-structured individual interviews were conducted for 20 registered nurses between March and December 2011. Approximately 60-90 minutes were taken in each interview. At the end of the interview, the nurses were asked to reflect on the different safety practices used by them. This semi-structured interviews enabled the participated nurses to speak freely with structured guidance which was given by the interviewer using a topic list. The semi-structured individual interviews are appropriate for the exploratory research design because they are used to gather the qualitative text data which is more focused. It offers a balance between open-ended interview questions flexibility and the structured and well-organised survey focus (McCammon, 2019). The semi-structured interviews reveal the rich descriptive data on the personal experiences of participants. The data collection method used for this quantitative study is the survey that was conducted for the recent graduate nurses to note their responses. The survey had open-ended questions that are exploratory in nature (Survey Monkey, 2019).The respondents were recruited through the data bases of three Australian University Schools of nursing. These databases of three universities that participated contained 1425 recent nursing graduates. Out of these 30 of recent graduates had an active university e-mail accounts thus a good sample of 427 participants was collected. The administrative staff emailed the link of the survey to the respondents and to improve the response rates, reminder mails were sent at regular intervals. The survey was completed by 58 graduate nurses in total.

Data analysis and results (10 marks 600 words) a. How was the data analysed and was it appropriate for the study The data was analysed parallelly with the interview process. This was done according to the qualitative research guidelines and using the software MAxQDA10. Each interview was coded and these codes were discussed and compared till a consensus on coding tree was formed. For the first 15 interviews, consensus and coding meetings were held iteratively and then for rest five interviews, coding was divided such that one author for coding and one for reviewing. The most appropriate themes on the experiences of nurses and perceptions in medication errors prevention were identifies through consensus meetings. According to these identified themes, the text fragments were sorted and verified by two co-authors and the results were peer reviewed. The survey data was first downloaded from Qualtrics (registered) online platform that was available on the university website. The data was analysed using Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. To identify the logical responses and the extent of missing data, the descriptive statistics were run on the complete set of data. After this, frequency distributions such as mean and standard deviations were performed on the data. The Spearmans correlation analysis was also done to get better and accurate outcomes of the survey analysis. The data collected from the survey of graduate nurses was analysed to get the findings and the results for quantitative study.

d.What were the findings/results of the study

Three themes identified from the analysis were

The roles and responsibility of nurses in medication safety the nurses clinical nursing is important apart from safe preparation and administration.

The ability to work safely of the nurses this is influenced by the information of risks and experiences of work circumstances of nurses.

Acceptance of safety practices by nurses the incentives for this are the advantages, feasibility and the accuracy.

The result from these findings are that nurses experiences matches with the assumption that they are in pre-eminent stage to enable the management of safe medication. Their capability depends on the adequate knowledge of the risks of administration of medication and situations in which they work. The result of this quantitative study that was found after the analysis of survey data is as follows. Using Spearmans correlations, it was identified that unsupportive workplace relationships are inversely related to the medication errors made by graduate nurses and the erosions of safe medication practices. The Nurse Unit Manager and the supportive work team relationships were found to have positive influence on the safe medication practice among the graduate nurses.

The conclusion drawn is that the workplace supports and associations are equally both the cause and solution for the medication errors made by graduate nurses and the safe medication practices.

e.Discuss the limitations and recommendations of the study

The limitations of this study are that no specific nurses were selected for the interview process. The selection of sample should have been stratified one so as to select specific ward nurses so that they are able to tell that what specific work environment affects their ability to do work. The limitation of this study is that the survey was conducted only among the recent graduate nurses. Another one was the convenience sample, self-report use and non-participants lack of information. This may be considered as biasedness as a sample may not be the symbol of the people that are under study and self-reported recall cannot be accurate. The recommendation for the study is that the access to the survey should be given to all the graduate nurses and not only to the recent ones because there is a possibility that all the graduates did not access their e-mail accounts.

References

McCammon, B. (2019). Semi-structured interviews. Retrieved from http//designresearchtechniques.com/casestudies/semi-structured-interviews/Survey Monkey. (2019). Exploratory research What is it And 4 ways to implement it in your research. Retrieved from http//fluidsurveys.com/university/exploratory-research-4-ways-implement-research/McLeod. (2014). Sampling methods. Retrieved from https//www.simplypsychology.org/sampling.html

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